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Zilisch Cory

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Cory Zilisch

Director of Orchestras
Westport Middle School
Louisville, Kentucky

The orchestra at Westport Middle School has been described as electrifying — that’s because it’s an electric orchestra! “The Westport Rock N’ Warhawks is the only one of its kind in a middle school … It is the most technologically advanced orchestra program in the United States today, and it is known throughout the country for its highly skilled and diversity of talent,” said Cory Zilisch, Westport’s director of orchestras.

Students in the orchestra are introduced to a variety of rock, pop and classical music; learn choreography and floor movements for their performances; and can experiment with all the sounds that electric instruments produce. Students also learn to improvise and create their own music. The Rock N’ Warhawks perform at various school and community events, activities and conferences in Kentucky.

The popularity of the electric orchestra has helped Zilisch grow his orchestra by 400% in five years. “Simply taking that group and performing around the city has caused so many kids to want to join the program,” Zilisch said. “Another big recruitment tool is our social media presence. Word has gotten around town about our program and we have kids clamoring to be a part of it!”

In addition to the Rock N’ Warhawks, Zilisch oversees the 6th grade, 7th grade and 8th grade orchestras, as well as a chamber orchestra.  According to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, “I would wager a large sum that Cory Zilisch is the most impressive, young orchestra teacher in the United States. … He holds a high bar for behavior, encouragement and achievement in his ensembles that has a radiating effect on the school population as a whole.”

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Zeilinger Aaron

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Aaron Zeilinger

Director of Instrumental Music
Orange Lutheran High School
Orange, California

A change in leadership can make a world of difference. Just ask the students at Orange Lutheran High School about music director Aaron Zeilinger, who they affectionately call Mr. Z. In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a student wrote, “Mr. Z is always motivating us to be the best version of ourselves.”

Another student wrote, “Mr. Z makes everyone feel welcome to the program. I’ve seen upperclassmen with no prior music experience join band and commit to practicing because of Mr. Z’s dedication to make everyone feel capable of being a musician.”

A major change Zeilinger implemented at Orange Lutheran was to re-establish the marching band. “After a 3-year hiatus, I saw a need for the unique team bonding that marching band brings to a program,” he said. “Now that we are in our fourth year, the kids are closer than ever and excited for when we can march again.”

Zeilinger also changed the format of the final concert of the school year — the Student Showcase — to be one developed and run by students. “I have always been a firm believer in establishing a sense of ownership within programs by enabling students to have a voice in major items,” he said. “Each song is either chosen by, conducted by or taught by a student with my guidance. It is truly a celebration of the students’ growth over the time that they have been in the program.”

During the pandemic, Zeilinger asked for student input on topics for his music appreciation presentations. He has lectured on topics ranging from baroque music to the music of Harry Styles and even what makes a pop song catchy. “It has been a lot of fun creating these lessons and allowing students to sit back and enjoy something (that is still educationally relevant) during this already stressful time,” he said.

In addition to teaching music, Zeilinger molds students to be self aware, empathetic and positive. And his students feel his impact long after they leave Orange Lutheran. A former student wrote, “When I graudated, one of Mr. Zeilinger’s final pieces of advice to me was to ‘have confidence in yourself and don’t be afraid to get out of your shell.’ I still take this advice to heart today.”

Read about how Zeilinger started the Performing Arts Academy at Orange Lutheran.

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Walck Tim

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Tim Walck

Director of Music, Yearbook Advisor
Austin Area School District
Austin, Pennsylvania

Tim Walck oversees the music program in the Austin Area School District, the smallest district in Pennsylvania, whose graduating class last year consisted of 10 students. “With class sizes so small, the same students tend to participate in almost everything,” Walck said. “This has great benefits, but the challenges of balancing schedules, focus and quality of work are very real.”

The district is also the most rural — “Wal-Mart is more than an hour away, and the closest town band is even farther,” Walck said. “So, opportunities to experience an orchestra, winds ensemble, jazz band, stage production, solo artist or performing arts event of any nature are infrequent — even prior to Covid.”

Despite these challenges, Walck is dedicated to ensuring that his students have the same opportunities and experiences that students have in larger districts. According to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, “Walck has endeavored to utilize a hands-on approach to music education, where students are constantly playing and creating music.”

For example, due to the small student population, Walck decided to forego a traditional band and formed rock bands at the elementary and high schools. Walck’s long-term goal is to have the rock band travel and compete, but with the pandemic, the bands were temporarily sidelined. “But students have been rehearsing in individual lessons with the goal of creating a multitrack recording. This is a work in progress as my students and I expand our technical abilities,” Walck said.

Another creative outlet for Austin students is Muse Guitars, a student-run business that launched in September 2020 and sponsored by Read World Scholars. Students build and design sellable products — namely, ukuleles and guitars — and “experience entrepreneurship and learn job-readiness skills, such as website development and design, marketing, branding and, of course, crafting and personalizing their instruments and products,” Walck said.

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Villanueva EJ

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E.J. Villanueva

TK-4th General Music, 5th-6th Instrumental Music Teacher
Orange Grove Elementary School
Anaheim, California

EJ Villanueva knows that instilling a love for music at an early age can be transformative. That’s why he aims to provide a variety of opportunities for students in TK through 6th grade at Orange Grove Elementary to engage in musical instruction regularly. In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Even during unprecedented times, Mr. Villanueva makes music instruction relevant. He takes the time to provide engaging lessons so students have the opportunity to connect with music.”

Even with distance learning, Villanueva has found ways to make his lessons fun and interactive. He has hosted live YouTube sessions to teach rhythm and provided synchronous weekly instruction via Microsoft Teams. Most notably, he planned a socially distanced grab-and-go for all 6th graders to pick up their ensemble instruments. “I determined which instrument each student would be assigned through a Google survey and made my decision based on their preferences and living situations,” Villanueva said.

Students at Orange Grove, look forward to entering 6th grade because they have the opportunity to join the 6th grade band that Villanueva started. “Save the Music Foundation provided instruments and music stands,” he said. “With the support of the 6th grade team and fellow music educators in the district, I introduced students to band instruments and helped them choose which ones to play.”

Prior to the pandemic, Villanueva conducted winter and spring concerts and invited the entire school community. He also accompanied groups of students to perform at different musical events around Orange County. “I often volunteered my students to perform at these events to help them build performance experience and showing them the importance of community outreach,” he said.

Read about the depth and breadth of Villanueva’s music program at Orange Grove Elementary. 

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Vicchiariello Vincent

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Vincent Vicchiariello

Director of Bands
Nutley High School
Nutley, New Jersey

Nutley music is part of who Vincent Vicchiariello is. Not only did he attend Nutley schools as a child, but he has taught at the elementary, middle school and now Nutley High School. So, it’s not surprising that he calls the Nutley band program a family. “When I took over as director at the high school, I made it a point to let the students know that we are all there for each other no matter what,” he said. “We have instilled a culture in our students that they follow, believe in and teach to the new students. They help and care for one another on/off the football field, in/out of the classroom or in/out of the band hallway.”  

While parents and students are proud of the many awards that the Nutley band has received under Vicchiariello’s leadership, they are more appreciative of how he has built a community within his music program. In several “40 Under 40” nomination letters, students called him “a role model” and “my rock,” and that “he has taught us the importance of hard work and continuously emphasizes to never give less than our best.” A parent was succinct in his praise of Vicchiariello: “He connects to the kids like no other. Grounded. Has their best interest at heart. One of a kind.”

Another parent wrote about Vicchiariello’s exceptional programs that blend classical music with edgy, modern pieces. “He includes all his staff, his students and even parents in the creative process, actively asking for input. This bridge of communication has brought together a series of fresh ideas that brought life into our music program.”

Vicchiariello strives to find more musical opportunities not only for his high school band members but for students at Nutley’s feeder schools. He saw the benefits of including 8th graders in the marching band, something that he himself experienced. “I had the opportunity to join the high school marching band when I was in 8th grade, and I enjoyed every second of it along with many of my friends,” he said. Vicchiariello knew that students often don’t continue playing music when they enter high school. By implementing this new program, 8th graders have the opportunity to grow and development throughout their extended time in the group.

During the pandemic, Vicchiariello worked tirelessly to provide a safe marching season for his students. Even though all competitions were cancelled, he continued to teach them new music and worked with community leaders and the booster association to practice at a park so that students could safely play together. According to another nomination letter, “He was in constant communication with the parents so that together our children could continue to do what they love, which is to play music,.”

Read about Vicchiariello storage and scheduling solutions

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Vento Banda Giselle

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Giselle Vento Banda

Pre-K-5th Music Specialist
Parkdale Elementary School
Waco, Texas

Giselle Vento Banda has a long history at Waco Independent School District — she attended the district’s school as a student. “As a disoriented ESL student, walking into the choir room taught me that I was a member of the gaggle and had arrived in a safe space where I could be me,” she said. Now, she wants to return the favor to the school community that “gracefully invested and welcomed me into its circle.”

A small but impactful way she motivates her students is to call them “scholars.” Vento Banda heard a friend used the term, and it resonated with her. “I want children to be globally minded, lifelong learners. I also want them to know that their teachers are scholars, too. After all, children become the imprint we leave in their minds. When I refer to them as ‘scholars,’ my students’ behaviors shift, and they take pride in learning,” she said.

Vento Banda’s reach goes beyond Waco ISD. She also serves as the co-director of the Youth Chorus of Central Texas, a community choral group for 3rd to 12th graders from diverse educational and economic backgrounds. “This organization holds a special place in my heart, for I, too, was in a children’s chorus in Mexico,” Vento Banda said.

In one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “As Giselle grows, her kids grow! Music has become their passion under Ms. Vento Banda’s guidance, and they have so many more opportunities to develop their musical arts learning because of her. Her passion, courage and creativity is only highlighted by her personal desire to continue to develop as a professional music educator. Giselle is magnificent.”

Read about how the Youth Chorus of Central Texas was started

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Velez Celina

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Celina Velez

Music Director
Cayuga Elementary School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Celina Velez has devoted her career to working with Philadelphia’s Latino community. “I always want my students to feel passionately and positive about their music-making experiences,” she said.

As the music director at Cayuga Elementary School, she uses singing, movement and rhythm exercises to open the door for students to play instruments. “Singing through exercise and swaying/dancing to the rhythm of a song before playing it are critical to helping students internalize the music,” Velez said. “The more senses we use to learn something, the better the students will retain it. My students love stepping to different rhythms and challenging each other or me to a ‘rhythm off!’”

She brings guest artists and ensembles to her class and prepares her students to play alongside them. “It’s so nerve-wracking! I create mini-performance opportunities like lunch hour café shows to get the nerves out,” Velez said. “I use performance buddies — pairing a younger student with an older student for mentorship — to help keep each one accountable at concert time with instruments, costumes and other equipment.”

In addition to her work at Cayuga, Velez also is a founding member of the North Philadelphia Art Teacher’s Alliance that brings together K-12 students from area public, private and charter schools. “While schools train students and help them grow as artists, NPATA provides additional performance opportunities for participating schools by hosting collaborative concerts, festivals and art shows,” Velez said.

According to one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, “A Latina woman, Celina relates on a personal level with the students she has devoted herself to supporting. As a role model, she instills confidence, positivity and key values in her students who are often dealing with adversity.”  

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Teed Brian

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Brian Teed

Director of Percussion, Associate Director of Bands
Wakeland High School
Frisco, Texas

Working backward as a teaching philosophy may have some people scratching their heads, but this approach is one that has served Brian Teed well at Wakeland High School. He explained that in order for end goals to consistently be met, staff, students and the administration must agree on the strategy and approach to reach that goal. “Music education is very much a team effort,” he said. “My students are part of the process of working backward, and they know what to expect. Students hold one another accountable in a positive manner since we are all striving to perform at our highest ability as a cohesive ensemble. It creates a sense of ownership for each member.”

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a parent wrote, “This collective ownership of goals and expectations makes the band function like a large family. My daughter loves the feeling of being accepted and included.”

Another parent wrote, “Brian connects the dots between what students do on the field, in class and how they prepare for auditions. He has invited well-known clinicians to emphasize strategies/goals, and he has elevated the students to understand music at an advanced and intellectual level.”

Teed isn’t afraid to shake things up — he made major changes to the marching percussion program and the staff. He also added a second spring percussion ensemble concert and limited it to high school students, who “would play a little bit more challenging music and focus on new commissions or specific artists, who would work with us,” Teed said. The joint high school and middle school percussion concert was scheduled later in the spring, “which allowed the middle school students more time to work up their solos and ensembles, gave the high school students another performance opportunity, and shortened the length of our cluster concert significantly, making it more enjoyable for all performers and audience members,” Teed said.

“Kids learn differently, and Mr. Teed adjusts accordingly,” another parent wrote in a nomination letter. “He engages them in the process as they pick music, develop skills and audition for different instruments. This approach gives them a stake in the outcome and encourages life skills like problem-solving, critical thinking, goal setting and relationships.”

Read about Teed’s unconventional but effective teaching philosophy of backward planning

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Swick Tyler

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Tyler Swick

Elementary Music Educator
Robert and Sandy Ellis Elementary School
Henderson, Nevada

There doesn’t seem to be enough superlatives to describe Tyler Swick’s energetic, entertaining and exhilarating teaching style. And accolades from parents and colleagues are just as numerous.  In several of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, parents called him a “musical magician” and that his “his work ethic knows no bounds when it comes to ensuring he gets a smile out of a few extra kiddos.” Another parent simply stated, “It doesn’t feel like learning when it’s this fun!”

Fun is a big part of Swick’s Orff-based music classes at Ellis Elementary attended by more than 700 students, and his growing YouTube channel, Swick’s Classroom, which has videos of catchy songs that showcase his “cutting-edge creativity and a self-taught knack for audio and video production to create highly entertaining educational material,” according to another nomination letter.

Swick said he started the channel when “I went on paternity leave and wanted my students to continue to receive high-quality Orff xylophone instruction.” The channel now has almost 3,500 subscribers and more than 500,000 total views.

“The songs and videos are vehicles to get my students engaged,” Swick said. “The lesson may be about quarter notes but that’s hidden inside of a song about spending winter on the beach. The Halloween songs really get the students amped up about October. They get so excited to see the Chihuahua that I can sneak in learning about clave rhythms, shaker technique and minor keys!”

Swick writes and records songs quickly. For example, he had the idea for the “12 Days of Google Meets” on a Wednesday night, and it was on YouTube by Friday morning. “When I’m excited about a concept, I’ll skip sleeping to get the project done,” he said. In one month, that particular video has had over 12,000 views.

In May 2020, Swick received the “Heart of Education” award by The Smith Center. He used the $1,000 prize to purchase each Ellis Elementary student a pair of drumsticks, a scarf and a shaker, items that he calls for them to use during his remote learning classes.

“We are very lucky to have Mr. Swick at Ellis Elementary. His kindness, creativity, encouragement and support are wonderful examples for my daughter — and all the students — to follow,” wrote another parent.

Read about how Swick uses YouTube as a teaching tool

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Stinson Don

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Don Stinson

Director of Bands
Joliet Central High School
Joliet, Illinois

Don Stinson proves that you can go home again. Stinson is the director of bands at the high school he attended — Joliet Central High School. “I’ve thought about teaching at Joliet Central since I was 14,” he said. “Being only the fifth director in the program’s 110-year history is very daunting, but the students continue to rise to the challenge of honoring our band’s history and innovating for the next generation.”

The school’s demographics have changed since Stinson was a student there 20 years ago. It now serves a 75% low-income area with high mobility. “There may not be as much money in our population as there used to be, but we turn negatives into positives,” said Stinson, who is proud or the diversity and accomplishments of his ensembles.

Stinson has created more music-making opportunities at Joliet Central, including a second jazz ensemble, a guest artist series, a jazz lab experience and an introduction to band class. He also founded and directed the Joliet Young Musicians Mentor Band, a two-week summer program. “I ‘borrowed’ the idea of the mentor band from another school and tweaked it. By the end of the program, junior high students receive some musical instruction and our high schoolers experience some authentic leadership opportunities,” Stinson said.

On top of all of his teaching responsibilities, Stinson has a book, “Teaching Music to Students from Underserved Backgrounds,” coming out. The three key points in Stinson’s book are: 1) Money doesn’t solve all of our problems in education, effective and committed teachers are the key; 2) working to identify and combat implicit bias can help teachers help students and communities; 3) some students from low-income areas may not have the time or place to practice or focus on music outside of school; therefore, we must take the job of structuring our class time with rigor and flow seriously.

Read about how Stinson instituted a “practice-not-required” strategy at Joliet Central High School

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Snipes Willie

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Willie Snipes Jr.

Director of College Bands
Miles College
Fairfield, Alabama

Imagine successfully petitioning your college’s president to start a music program, then being the first student to graduate from that program, then returning to the school six years later to be the assistant band director. That’s what Willie Snipes Jr. did! In April 2016 – on his birthday, no less – he was named the director of college bands at Miles College, becoming the youngest director in the HBCU band world. “To see music and music education majors graduate from the program that I helped start brings great joy to my heart,” Snipes said.

Miles’ award-winning bands has more than 200 members with an 85% retention rate. “I believe that my high recruitment and retention rate is due to the fact that I build a relationship of trust with my students,” Snipes said. “Many of my students are from low-income families, which I am from as well, or from broken homes — so that connection and trust are essential.” 

Building and maintaining a strong music program requires support from the community, so Snipes shows local schools and neighborhoods that “Miles Cares.” Members of the band sorority and fraternity assist local middle school and high school music directors, giving the college students teaching and leadership opportunities. Snipes and the staff promote the “horns up, guns down” campaign in local neighborhoods, help with food drives, donate instruments to local school bands, and recruit students and award them band scholarships.

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Mr. Snipes and his students are not just champions in the band world, they are champions for education. He make sure no student is left behind by pushing education first and stepping in when a student’s grades are falling. Mr. Snipes is a teacher, leader, father, mentor, friend and a great asset to our community.”

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Sleppy Jason

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Jason Sleppy

Band Director, Mason Middle School
Marching Band Director, Mason High School
Mason, Ohio

During the pandemic when in-person events, competitions and performances were cancelled across the board, Jason Sleppy did something remarkable for his band students at William Mason High School. He organized a culminating showcase performance at Indiana’s Lucas Oil Stadium to replace the end-of-the-season competition.  

“When we learned in July that the Bands of America (BOA) season would be cancelled, we immediately began investigating ways to provide a season-ending experience that met our criteria of being a world-class venue that we could safely travel to without staying overnight,” Sleppy explained. “We reached out to Lucas Oil Stadium to discover that we could rent the facility for half the cost of our typical BOA Grand Nationals trip!”

Organizing the trip required collaboration among multiple state officials and health departments, but Sleppy was determined. According to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a former colleague wrote, “He made it a lasting memory for the Mason band family and provided closure for the seniors.”

The performance at Lucas Oil Stadium was the culmination of Sleppy’s efforts throughout the pandemic. When quarantines were mandated, “it was clear that the only way to move forward was with a leader who was willing to create a new approach and who would never give up,” a band parent wrote in another nomination letter. “Mr. Sleppy did exactly that and he did it with a smile on his face and compassion in his heart.”

Another event that Sleppy spearheaded during the pandmic was the Mason Invitational. “We teamed up with our Mason boosters to create a non-competitive event for 15 bands in our area to safely attend by redesigning the audience and band flow to allow for social distancing,” he said. “A panel of national clinicians provided feedback, and we had amazingly positive responses from the parents, directors and students who attended.”

Sleppy is pragmatic and positive in reflecting on the last year. “Life consists of constant challenges, and you have to make an active decision to not have a pessimistic view. Challenges are a catalyst and opportunity to grow and change for better,” he said.

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Schaffer Doug

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Doug Schaffer

Director of Bands
Mark Twain Junior/Senior High School
Center, Missouri

In August 2019, Doug Schaffer “marched in and brought a program to life,” according to a band parent in one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters. Schaffer recommended a three-week fine arts exploratory class where 6th graders can experience art and band so they can choose which fine arts class they want to continue. “Since implementing the class, our beginning band number shot up with 60% of them joining band,” he said.

Schaffer also started a junior high marching band to increase the retention rate from 8th grade to high school. “The band performs at two local and one away parade every year to give them a taste of high school. After the first year of the junior high band, we saw 100% retention,” Schaffer said.

Despite the pandemic, the district hosted the first Mark Twain Invitational Band Festival with 12 bands participating in a parade and a field show competition. “My kids showed incredible resiliency by still being able to put together a show and compete,” Schaffer said. “There were several schedule changes, as well as cancelled rehearsals, but the kids still brought their best to the festival, and honestly the whole season.”

On top of the remarkable growth of the music programs at both Mark Twain Junior High School and Mark Twain High School, Schaffer also designed the marching band and fall color guard uniforms. “I do the program coordinating for all of our shows, as well as all the drill and music arrangements. I really love putting together a product each year that is custom made for our group,” he said.

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a former coworker wrote, “Mr. Schaffer’s enthusiasm is contagious. He is proud to be a Tiger, and we are proud to have him.”

Read about how Schaffer started the three-week fine arts exploratory class at Ralls County Elementary

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Sahely Megan

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Megan Sahely

Director of Orchestras
Leon High School and Raa Middle School
Tallahassee, Florida

Music educators are known for juggling multiple priorities, but Dr. Megan Sahely takes it to another level. As the orchestra director at Raa Middle School, a performer with five local orchestras, a private violin teacher and a board member of the Florida Orchestra Association, her plate was already full. But when the orchestra at one of the high schools in her district was in a tight spot with no director, Sahely stepped in and asked to work at both the middle school and high school. Even with the added difficulties caused by the pandemic, both programs are thriving.

Sahely and her fellow educators are teaching in-person and virtual classes. Despite technical difficulties like bad wifi and lack of proper equipment for students, Sahely is dedicated to holding in-person and digital rehearsals (using Zoom breakout rooms) with all of her students. In one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Even through these difficult teaching moments, Dr. Sahely continues to encourage and educate while instilling a love and passion for music in her students.”

Sahely was more than willing to sacrifice her time and some performance opportunities to take on additional responsibilities at Leon High School because of her passion for teaching. “Earlier this year, one of my students shared with me that he would like to major in music education and teach orchestra someday,” she said. “This was an extremely rewarding moment, as it reminded me that what we do as teachers truly impacts not only our current students, but future generations.”

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Paschke Becky

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Becky Paschke

Instrumental Music Director
D’Evelyn Junior/Senior High School
Denver, Colorado

An extraordinary performance opportunity happened in early 2021 for the D’Evelyn Junior/Senior High School marching band — they performed during the virtual Parade Across America for the presidential inauguration on January 20!

Creating memories like this is what makes Becky Paschke such a positive music educator. In one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Becky Paschke is nothing less than AMAZING! Each year, she outdoes the previous year’s performance, and we are left with our jaws on the floor with what she has accomplished.”

D’Evelyn had a history of success before Paschke came to the school, and with consistent high-quality performances under her leadership, Paschke moved the band from 2A to 3A division. “My goal for the band is to focus on what we can do better each day — not to worry about what other bands are doing,” she said. “We always perform for the audience in our mind and make sure we are memorable. When the performance is over, we all ask ourselves, ‘Was this the best I could have done?’ ‘How can I improve?’ ‘Did the audience love it?’”  

Paschke incorporates innovative techniques to make band more relevant and fun. For example, she brought in her vocal colleague to work with the band on singing technique. “I knew that there is no better way to improve intonation than by singing,” she said. “We take those listening skills to our instruments, and our overall sound and intonation has improved so much!”

Paschke is also a board member of the D’Evelyn Education Foundation. This group of dedicated parents, community members and faculty support the academics, activites and athletics at the school. “This foundation has raised money to purchase new instruments and equipment that have allowed for the band to double in size over the past five years,” she said. 

When music programs were defunded or canceled at other schools, Paschke welcomed those students to join D’Evelyn’s band. One student wrote, “For me personally, Mrs. Paschke has instilled a passion for music and the drive to be the best at music as I can be, which has inspired me to pursue music as a career.”

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Nagy Phil

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Phil Nagy

Music Teacher
McVey Innovative Learning Center (Part of Hilliard City Schools)
Hilliard, Ohio

The Innovation Campus of Hilliard City Schools offers specialized and unique learning opportunities for the district’s 7th-12th grade students. Phil Nagy teaches Academy Vibe classes, which are designed to “infuse audio and video production into one offering” for high school students.

“Our intro course exposes students to the basics of songwriting, audio recording/production, story/message creation, video production and editing,” Nagy explained. “The final project is writing and recording an original song and then shooting and editing a music video for that song — with professional-grade gear and software. I teach all of the music stuff associated with that and have a co-teacher who handles the video stuff.”

The advanced Academy Vibe class focuses on “voice and choice” where students select what they want to work on, and Nagy and his co-teacher advise along the way. 

“Seeing students share their soul, in the form of original composition, is just awesome,” Nagy said. “Whether it’s a recording we put out there for people to hear or a live performance (pre-COVID), it’s just awesome to be a part of their creative outpouring!” 

Nagy works closely with the middle school and high school directors because the goal of Academy Vibe is to enhance students’ music education, not replace the music offerings at their home campus. This collaborative spirit was emphasized in one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, in which a colleague wrote, “What sticks out most to me is how Phil Nagy and his students are extremely effective at coordinating their recording program with the rest of the district K-12 music programs, providing recording services for concerts and performances. Our district’s entire music department — in fact, the entire district — is better due in large part to his willingness to work with everyone to help them achieve their goals.”

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Moreland Steve

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Steve Moreland

Director of Fine Arts
St. Michael’s Catholic Academy
Austin, Texas

If you thought that the music program at a parochial school like St. Michael’s Catholic Academy would solely be focused on traditional and classical music, you would be wrong. St. Michael’s uses popular music education as its primary curriculum — the only school in Texas to do so — thanks in large part to Steve Moreland.

According to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a student wrote, “Just imagine ‘School of Rock,’ but 10 times better” in describing the program Moreland has created and implemented. The Modern Band Lab course, which was developed in collaboration with a nonprofit organization, is “reimaging what high school music education can look like,” Moreland said. The lab involves nine student bands, and one of its more ambitious goals is to create a student-run record label. “Students learn how to take an idea from conception and work all the way through to distribution — the ultimate project-management lesson,” he said. “Our students have been working on original music since January 2019, and they have formed the executive teams for the label and are gearing up for the official launch this spring.”   

St. Michael’s has numerous bands that students can join including Praise Band that perform at chapel services, extracurricular pop/rock/country CruBands (or Crusader Bands) that can be seen at football games and pep rallies, Drumline, Varsity Symphony that fuses popular music and technology, and Tech Crew that handles the sound and recording equipment.

St. Michael’s also has a Music Leadership Team of 10 to 15 students that help plan, organize and host on-campus concerts.

One of his students wrote, “Mr. Moreland pushes us to be not only better musicians, but better students and better people.”

Read about how Moreland started the popular music curriculum at St. Michael’s Catholic Academy

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Moore Matthew

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Matt Moore

Associate Band Director/Director of Percussion
V.R. Eaton High School
Haslet, Texas

Just prior to the pandemic, some of Matt Moore’s percussion students at V.R. Eaton High School were selected as winners of the Percussive Arts Society’s “International Percussion Ensemble Competition.” But instead of preparing to travel to PASIC to perform a showcase concert in the fall, schools around the country shut down and conferences, including PASIC, were either cancelled or moved to a virtual format. (Moore’s students performed at the 2021 event.)

Moore immediately realized that not having live musical performances would have a profound negative effect. “Very early on in the pandemic, I put together a social-distanced marimba choir project to help connect percussionists during a very strange time when we were all suddenly home and without live music,” he said. “I received 111 submissions from percussionists all over the world! Middle school to professional level, including a handful of my EHS kids.” The video of the compilation showcases the talent of all the participants.

Thanks to his technical skills, Moore continues to connect with his percussion students through virtual classes with engaging digital content, and he helps them maintain and improve their musical proficiency. In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Matt’s professional and approachable demeanor have fostered an environment that students thrive in.”

Already a music educator, composer and arranger, Moore decided to add entrepreneur to his list of jobs. He launched Waveform Percussion with Luke Vogt, his percussion co-teacher at Eaton. They incorporate electronic media into percussion education to create music that’s fun to play. “We hope to engage students in a way that meets them where they are — always an arm’s length away from their phone and earbuds and possibly learning remotely from home,” Moore said. “The music is curriculum based and educationally focused, and it’s flexible enough to be used by students in whichever learning environment they’re in.”

Read about Moore and his percussion ensemble’s the long road to perform at the PASIC.

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Matchim David

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David Matchim

Director of Bands
Centennial High School
Ellicott City, Maryland

David Matchim checks all the boxes when it comes to being an impactful and inspiration educator. So it wasn’t surprising to learn that his students at Centennial High School did not let the pandemic stop them from performing. “These are tough times, but our students are flexible, resilient and enthusiastic,” Matchim said. “During the one-week virtual marching band camp at the end of summer, they worked hard to preserve the strong community we have established. They are recording and producing amazing recordings. I’m proud of their grit — their ability to find solutions and persevere.”

Together they produced a virtual show, which was a true team effort with “student leaders teaching during sectional breakouts, the visual team teaching choreography virtually, students sending in recorded video and audio, and in-house directors editing all the pieces together,” Matchim said.

Another area where Matchim encourages teamwork is community outreach. He helped to revitalize the Tri-M Music Honor Society, which has grown to over 150 students. “These student volunteers are always seeking opportunities to support the music community,” Matchim said. “Even in the virtual world, they are sharing performances with nursing homes and providing tutorial videos to younger musicians in our feeder system.”  

Inside the classroom, Matchim and his fellow band director make thoughtful repertoire selections showcase diversity and inclusivity. Last year, his band performed Julie Giroux’s “Bookmarks from Japan” and Arturo Marquez’ “Danzon No. 2, and this fall, they performed Scott Joplin’s “Sunflower Slow Drag” virtually. “Like most organizations, we are reflecting and recognize that we need to do better,” he said. We are working with our students to find pieces that ‘speak’ to them and their diverse backgrounds.”

Under Matchim’s leadership, the music program has more than doubled with 600+ students participating. “While I wish I could take credit for the growth in our music program, it takes a village,” he said modestly. He credits an “amazing” feeder system, a supportive administration and parent community, his band director colleague James Kranz and a dedicated team of music teachers. “We work together with our choir and orchestra colleagues to give our students a great musical experience. We’re a family. We feel it, and the students do, too.”

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Martindale Matthew

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Matthew Martindale

Director of Bands
Shelby County High School and Columbiana Middle School
Columbiana, Alabama

Matthew Martindale felt the pressure of taking over the Pride of Shelby County Marching Band — a program with a storied history — and replacing a director who retired after more than 20 years. “The students and community truly embraced me,” he said. “I knew this was going to be a special place when a senior trombone player said, ‘Welcome to the family,’ early in the school year. As the year progressed, the students started calling me ‘Martindad,’ and our teacher/student relationships continued to grow.”

Even though the Pride of Shelby County is the oldest band in the county, it is also the smallest and was in need up many upgrades. In his first year, Martindale wanted to get new uniforms, which were 18 years old. He worked with the boosters to fund a portion of the cost. Then he launched a capital campaign and secured sponsorships that brought in more than $15,000, which was enough to purchase uniforms.

He also received two major grants totaling $22,500 to buy and repair instruments for the middle school beginner band program. “This will allow our beginner band students to participate for free for many years to come,” Martindale said. “This increased enrollment in band across both Columbiana Middle School and Shelby County High School.”

During his second year, Martindale changed the music the band performed from classic rock to a completely different Dia De Muertos half time program he created, which “introduced the students and our small rural community to this Spanish style of music and pageantry. This creative move won the band recognition as ‘Best in Class’ in all categories at a competition that year,” wrote a parent in one of Martindale’s “40 Under 40” nomination letters.  

After winning, his students continued to improve and “at our last competition, we were not victorious, but all their scores had increased dramatically,” Martindale said. Even though there wasn’t a trophy, his students believed they had won. “If you can get your students to realize that competition is only one aspect of growth and that improvement is more important, then you can be happy as a director,” he said.

Read about how Martindale transformed the music program at Shelby County High School

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Lipman Jarrett

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Jarrett Lipman

Director of Bands
Claudia Taylor “Lady Bird” Johnson High School
San Antonio, Texas

Jarrett Lipman has a term for a teacher’s selflessness in engaging and empowering his students: Servant leadership, which “means committing oneself wholly to improving the lives of your students, peers and community,” he said. “It means prioritizing the welfare and needs of your students over your own career goals and teaching your students to share their gifts and talents with others in order to make a positive impact on the world.”

And students, parents and colleagues recognize and appreciate Lipman’s teaching perspective. “I am both excited and proud to see not just the music and performances that Jarrett teaches our children but the life lessons and personal growth they glean from his approach to the music arts and being a better member of the community,” wrote a band parent in one of Lipman’s “40 Under 40” nomination letters.

Lipman started at Claudia Taylor “Lady Bird” Johnson High School when it opened in 2008. “The best thing about teaching at a new school is that you get to help build and shape the culture of the campus from scratch. The sky is the limit,” he said.

However, Lipman acknowledges that this pro can also be a con because you “must demonstrate tremendous patience through the years waiting for the cultures and players to develop. Like any great meal or project, it takes time and a willingness to see it through until the end.”

His patience has paid off — his music program currently has more than 350 members. “We see band at Johnson as a 6th through 12th grade journey,” Lipman said. “Building relationships with students during their formative years on their instruments keep them in band through high school. In high school, we work to find that careful balance between challenging them through high standards and providing them with once-in-a-lifetime musical experiences.”  

The school’s namesake, Lady Bird Johnson, once said, “Children are apt to live up to what you believe of them.” Lipman takes these words to heart. In another nomination letter, a colleague wrote, “Not only does Mr. Lipman continue to push the envelope when it comes to visual and musical design on the field, he always takes time to help others in need.”

Read about the incredible 10-year growth of the Johnson High School band program that required getting approval and funding for a second band hall. 

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Kaflik Chris

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Chris Kaflik

Director of Bands
Brownsburg High School
Brownsburg, Indiana

Chris Kaflik knows the power of being a student-centered educator because he admits that at the beginning of his career, he wasn’t one. “If you are not student-centered, you might be in education for the wrong reason,” he said. “The earliest years of my teaching — in drum corps, high school marching bands, etc. — was not as focused on the students. It was more about me. I learned from that pretty quickly.”   

Kaflik also stresses the importance of remembering how you felt as a high school student and what you thought about certain topics. “I was not always the most talented student in my high school, college ensembles or drum corps. I struggled in some areas,” Kaflik recalled. “Remembering how it felt to overcome certain struggles and now recognizing that in my current students has helped my teaching and my relationships with my students.”

How he connects with students at Brownsburg High School is definitely one of his strengths. In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Instead of directionless teaching, Chris has added intention behind his teaching and helped students understand why they do what they do. He has been able to guide students to improve themselves as people first before improving as a musician.” In another nomination letter, a student described Kaflik as “awesome — a first-round draft pick for sure!”

When Kaflik started at Brownsburg, one area he focused on was recruitment and retention. “We want to give students music that will challenge them and stretch their abilities, but we also make sure they are going to feel like rock stars when it comes to performance,” he said. “In marching band, I think the design is a big factor in recruitment and retention. We always want to do something unique and ‘cool’ that will intrigue middle school students, non-band high school students and any audience member to say, ‘I want to be a part of that.’”    

Winning competitions isn’t everything, but in four years, Kaflik has taken Browsburg to the Indiana State Finals and the Bands of America Grand Nationals. “To say it was a turnaround would be an understatement,” a colleague wrote in another nomination letter. “Chris would be quick in giving the credit to a lot of other people, but without his leadership, it would not have happened.”

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Jimenez Eric

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Eric Jimenez

Assistant Director of Bands
Prairie View A&M University
Prairie View, Texas

Eric Jimenez started his musical career working at various schools in the Houston Independent School District and soon earned a reputation for reviving and growing middle school and high school music programs.

But according to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, “His most notable and farthest-reaching accomplishment is his work on ‘The Score’ podcast.”

Launched in 2019 by Jimenez and his former coworker, Justin McLean, “The Score” was created from “our authentic and nuanced conversations when we were band directors as Heights High School,” Jimenez said. “We hope to provide positive and exemplar stories of educators serving minoritized students.”

And they are doing just that. Reviews of the podcast call it “essential listening,” “in one word, AMAZING,” “eye-opening,” “a great resource” and “a real gem.”  

The podcast’s focus is on urban music education and topics covered by Jimenez and McLean run the gamut from systemic bias and “white fragility” within music education to “othering” from the perspective of the oppressed and oppressor.

“The Score” is part of their broader mission called the Revival Music Project that “aims to provide resources to educators in urban music education settings,” Jimenez said. In addition to the podcast, Jimenez and McLean offer clinics, presentations and lectures to school districts, teachers and universities.

Currently the assistant director of bands at his alma mater, Prairie View A&M University, Jimenez keeps in touch with many of his former middle school and high school students. “My proudest moments as a music educator is when I get to see my former students graduate from college. Many of them would not have had access to higher education without receiving a scholarship through their musical involvement.”

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Irish David

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David Irish

Director of Orchestras, Associate Director of Concert Bands
Palo Verde High School
Las Vegas, Nevada

David Irish isn’t afraid to take risks. He changed the focus of Palo Verde High School’s music program to be “concert-centric,” which was criticized at first, but then commended in the years that followed. “Our focus at Palo Verde is on the standard repertoire that made us fall in love with music,” he explained. “We choose to focus on 30- to 40-minute concerts instead of a competitive marching show. While we still provide our community with a collegiate-style show band, we emphasize falling in love with concert music over competition.”

According to one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Mr. Irish’s creative idea for establishing a concert-centric program has drawn the focus away from competitive results and re-focused on individual student success.” This move has had some financial benefits as well, with graduating seniors earning scholarships that increased tenfold from $10,000 per year to $100,000.

Under his leadership, the enrollment in orchestra has tripled. “Passion, energy and high expectations bring students to our program and keep them engaged,” Irish said. “We bring our feeder schools in each year to perform at a pre-festival concert.  If students don’t know what the next step is, they may never walk in the door.”

Irish finds way to engage his music students. Through a partnership with the Nevada School of the Arts, he instituted a weekly masterclass for strings on each instrument for the orchestra program — the first of its kind in Las Vegas. He also started a vigorous solo and ensemble program and in an innovative community outreach effort, he coordinated grand finale concerts with the local public library. He formed a full symphony orchestra at Palo Verde and created a class for year-round comprehensive symphonic orchestra curriculum.

He also co-hosted the inaugural Las Vegas Concert Band Festival, an affiliate of the Music for All National Festival, which “offers nationally renowned evaluators, an unrated, non-competitive environment, a 45-minute clinic and a peer-based audience block,” Irish said.

In another nomination letter, a former colleague wrote, “David’s teaching style went beyond just teaching the notes and maybe the history of the music. He taught students to feel the music and how to transfer the emotion of that music to the audience.”

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Gibb-Clark Andrew

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Andrew Gibb-Clark

Director of Choral Activities, Fine Arts Department Chair
Highland High School
Highland, Illinois

Imagine being two weeks from opening night of your big spring musical production of “The Little Mermaid” when the entire state goes into lockdown because of the coronavirus. Andrew Gibb-Clark had spent the entire budget on the show and he knew that if his choral program was to continue, he had to have a performance in the fall. He received a list of mitigations from the Illinois Department of Public Health that had to be followed for all school activities, and brainstormed with the production team on how they could do the show. “We landed on a drive-in with students performing live inside, and the audience in their cars across the street, enjoying a drive-in movie style musical,” Gibb-Clark said.

The video feed of the students was projected on a large 11×22-foot screen in the parking lot and sound was transmitted through each car’s radio.

“The show went amazingly well and was well attended by the community,” Gibb-Clark said. “I am extremely proud of what my students were able to accomplish putting the show together in only a week!”

“The Little Mermaid” is just one example of how Gibb-Clark has impacted the choral program at Highland High School, which has grown by 50% under his leadership. In his first year, he added a show choir to Highland’s choir lineup that consisted of a capella, mixed, madrigal and chamber choirs. “The show choir started with student interest,” he said. “I told them that I would do whatever I could to get it started.” That meant meeting with other show choir directors and administrators, doing a lot of research, writing an action plan and presenting it to the school board.  “The school board agreed to provide the funds to purchase the necessary equipment to start the program, which has grown every year — providing another performance opportunity for our students,” Gibb-Clark said.

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote,” Mr. Gibb-Clark’s ‘the-show-must-go-on’ attitude shows his unselfish caring toward his students.”

Read about how Gibb-Clark started the show choir at Highland High School.

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Garfield Willie

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Willie Garfield

CEO
Garfield Institute of Music
Memphis, Tennessee

When Willie Garfield was 13 years old, he started a community drumline with a few of his junior high marching bandmates. “That’s when I realized that I wanted to be a music instructor,” he said. “I wanted to create my own program where I could instruct, perform and demonstrate my talents. That was when the Garfield Institute of Music was born.”

And Garfield hasn’t slowed down since. He negotiated contracts with public and charter schools and community organizations in Memphis and opened the first Garfield Institute of Music there. In addition to music, the institute offers classes in dance, arts, STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) and leadership.

Garfield soon expanded to Columbia, South Carolina, and he hopes to open Garfield Institutes of Music in Orlando and Atlanta soon.

Garfield has been a strong advocate for music education and a community leader by providing access to music to underserved youth. During the pandemic, Garfield still operated his school, offering classes for free and following proper safety protocols. His school even offered to pick up students and carpool with parents so children could attend music classes.

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Willie has led by being among the finest examples of a true professional in music education. He has fought against adversity, obstacles and a pandemic that has not only taken the lives of our loved ones but affected the growth of music education. … and he hasn’t complained one time about compensation.”

Another colleague wrote, “He has gone the extra mile to make sure the fundamentals of music education didn’t pause because of the pandemic. … He has imprinted greatness, discipline, dedication and growth in the community by keeping music alive during a pandemic and not giving up.”   

Garfield knows the lifelong positive effects of music education. “My proudest moments as a music educator is when I see my students follow my path and carry the wisdom and experience they have gained from me,” he said. “I never had the support system or mentors like many educators. I traveled that road alone, being fearless in the eyes of my peers, but this ’40 Under 40′ recognition gives me the courage to stand strong.”

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Gamon Michael

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Michael Gamon

Fine and Performing Arts Chair, Center for Creative Arts Director
Harrisburg Academy
Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania

Harrisburg Academy, a private preschool-12th college preparatory day school, has a long and rich history that dates back to 1784. When Michael Gamon began at the academy in 2012, he wanted to grow the already strong music program. He pushed to make strings an integral part of the academy’s music program, and violin became a required course for elementary school students. Realizing that some students simply weren’t interested in playing the violin, Gamon came up with an incredibly innovative and thoroughly modern way to engage all of his students — he created a role-playing game similar to Dungeons and Dragons!

He converted the curriculum into a series of quests and challenges. The game is called “Novice to Ninja” and encompasses seven books that students explore from year to year. Because this is the first year, only Book 1 has been revealed. “Musical selections became a way to cast spells, and our skillful execution determines our success as a class,” Gamon explained. “Technique and scales have become ways to break spells, solve riddles or gain the necessary skills to increase our power.”

Gamon oversaw the building of set pieces of the game’s land of Vitula (the old Latin word from which violin is thought to have derived) as well as a website. He later introduced miniature figures to the game — all of this added to the action and excitement of the story, which motivates students to be engaged and prepared. “Role-playing games are not about winning — they’re about a communal experience,” Gamon said. “Because solving the challenges is as much about applying the correct information at the correct time as performing well, everyone has something to contribute.”

Not surprisingly, the response from students has been overwhelmingly positive with “students drawing connections between logic, literature, science and music,” Gamon said. “My advanced students have been active mentors to other students because the focus of the game is on the skill of an entire class, not an individual’s success or failure.” 

Read more about how Gamon created the world of Vitula around his violin curriculum

Also see how Gamon uses his personal values to help him juggle his workload.

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Fields Carmen

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Carmen Fields

Choir and General Music Teacher
Edgewood Middle School
Trenton, Ohio

Instead of waiting to be told how and when in-person instruction could resume during the pandemic, Carmen Fields went into action. “When initial news reports linked an early coronavirus outbreak to a choir rehearsal, every music teacher knew we were in trouble,” she said.

Fields and her husband, Nick, who is the band director at Edgewood Middle School, read every report they could find on aerosolization of particles, participated in webinars and researched the square footage of different spaces at their schools. “We constructed a plan that met Butler County Health Department requirements and CDC guidelines,” Fields said. “We addressed how we could teach without performance in-person and remotely. We also included safe options for performance practice.”

Luckily, their administrators, recognizing the importance of music during the pandemic, offered outdoor classrooms as weather permitted and large spaces within the school for safe, socially distanced performance practice.

Even before the pandemic, Fields’ music classes were extremely popular with nearly a quarter of the student population enrolled in them. And she maintains a retention rate of well over 90 percent. In one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, Fields is described as an “exemplary” educator who “connects with each student and employs innovative learning techniques.”

Because Edgewood Middle School is in a small rural area, going to see live performances is not an option, so Fields started “Theatrical Thursdays” and “Fundamental Fridays” to bring more curriculum-based learning into the choir room. “By using quality recordings and examples, my students are able to travel virtually to these wonderful opportunities. Without realizing it, they are learning theory and advanced technique,” Fields said.

Fields also started a middle school show choir called Overtures with the choir director at the high school. “We gauged the support of parents and community and then drafted a proposal showing the need for such a program,” she said. “More than 100 students tried out for the 40 spots that first year, and we were off and running.”

Read Fields’ tips for succeeding as a music educator in a rural setting

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DiMassimo Christopher

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Christopher DiMassimo

Assistant Director of Bands, Guitar Teacher
Rachel Carson Middle School
Herndon, Virginia

Reflection is a big part of Christopher DiMassimo’s teaching approach and one of his greatest strengths as an educator. “After each class, I go back to the drawing table and hit it hard to reflect on what worked, what students need to be more successful in the next rehearsal, and how I can ensure that they continue to improve during our next class period,” he said

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Chris is equal parts curious, self-motivated and humble. He is never afraid to ask questions to ensure that he understands the components in a project or a lesson.” Another colleague wrote, “Chris’ first concern in any decision he makes is ‘how will this impact my students?’”

DiMassimo already integrated technology into his classroom presentations at Rachel Carson Middle School, so moving to a virtual learning environment during the pandemic did not slow him down. In fact, he was selected to be on the curriculum team last summer to help develop distance learning materials for elementary, middle and high school band directors because the 2020-2021 school year would start remotely. The team worked with the U.S. Army Band “Pershing’s Own” to “request the development of videos to assist beginning band students learn their new instruments,” DiMassimo said.

DiMassimo always looks for ways to connect with his students and develop “an authentic, genuine connection,” he said. “Hard work is tough to sell these days, but the pursuit of creating beautiful music together, working diligently toward common goals, and experiencing the payout makes it all worth it! I’ve found that anything I can do to ensure success and satisfaction along the way makes all the difference for students to remain engaged and committed through the ups and downs in our journey.”

He also asks for input from his students, especially since the pandemic started. “This is critical, especially during a time of distance learning,” DiMassimo said. “Encouraging honest, thoughtful feedback through surveys and informal check-ins is a great way to figure out if any of your students are feeling lost, overwhelmed, underwhelmed or unmotivated, and to take action to reach each of them.”

He is happy to share his knowledge and experiences with other educators as well. Along with his mentor, Dr. Arris Golden, DiMassimo co-wrote a two-part article in the North Carolina Music Educator Journal about best practices for student teachers and mentor teachers. “This period of development in a teacher’s career can be a game changer,” he said. “Developing clear communication and a strong, honest and trustful relationship can make all the difference in ensuring a successful student teaching experience for both parties.”

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Cox Tiffany

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Tiffany Cox

Director of Bands
Lake Worth Community High School
Lake Worth Beach, Florida

Dr. Tiffany Cox teaches a lot more than music at Lake Worth Community High School, a Title I school. From her doctoral studies and dissertation research on the discrepancies in music education based on gender and race, she is aware of the achievement and opportunity gaps between low-income students and their more affluent peers. “I encourage my students to take a leadership role in their own educational experiences within and outside of the band room. They are encouraged to identify sources of injustice in their lives and to investigate solutions to improve life for themselves, their families and the community.”

Mental health is another area that Cox has prioritized. She implemented routine mindfulness practice and yoga for her students, and she facilitates a close relationship with the school’s mental health counselor. Most importantly, Cox has worked to tear down the stigma of seeking help and to create a safe space where students can discuss their concerns and hardships. “Students are able to seek help from peers and instructional staff before mental health concerns escalate to a dangerous place,” Cox said. 

When Cox, or “Dr. Ms. C.” as her students call her, started at Lake Worth, there were only nine band members. She immediately sought out grants and DonorsChoose donations to support her program and to make music more accessible. She now has nearly 100 students from different backgrounds and playing skills.

Cox recalls how she felt after her band’s first music performance. “The feeling was an overwhelming wave of pride, happiness and, honestly, just sheer joy,” she said. “I felt the same thing after we earned our first superior medal and first place trophy. Now, in the midst of Covid-19, I feel the same feeling as I see my students persevering through incredible hardships in an effort to keep music alive in their hearts.”

Read about Cox’s transformative and untiring efforts to provide access to music for the young musicians in her district.  

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Cox Lydia

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Lydia Cox

Chorus and Digital Music Teacher
Crosby Middle School
Louisville, Kentucky

As part of the STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and math) program at Crosby Middle School, Lydia Cox takes a unique approach to teaching music. “The entire STEAM program focuses on innovation and individualized learning,” she said. “Students in my digital music class experience trial, error and reflection through daily exploration of the elements of music using technology. They apply STEAM knowledge and processes through creating podcasts, composing music, and recording and manipulating sounds.”

Beyond her work with the STEAM team, Cox creates a classroom environment that is positive and welcoming. According to one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Ms. Cox instills confidence in each of her students. Many come to her without having any prior knowledge regarding signing or music in general. She is creative in her approach to the curriculum and relating it to our students’ lives. Students have an immense appreciation for her as a teacher, and trust her. They truly know she cares about them as singers and, more importantly, as people.”

Cox finds way to embed music into the everyday operations of the school. For example, she invites school staff to attend informal concerts during choir class where students perform some of their favorite warm-ups and excerpts from the pieces they have been rehearsing. “We have even been known to pile into our principal’s office to sing ‘Happy Birthday’ to her,” Cox said.

Her music program also participates in elementary school performance tours and an annual Veteran’s Day program. “I believe that every student in the classroom should be given opportunities to build relationships within their ensemble, create memories and share their growth. And involving our entire school community is a great way to do that,” she said.  

“Singing is such a vulnerable act because it requires students to share a part of themselves, and it is so meaningful when students with different backgrounds, learning styles and values can work together toward a common goal through performance,” she said.

Read about how Cox promotes self-esteem and self-discovery in her choir and digital music classes

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Cooney Megan

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Megan Cooney

Director of Athletic Bands, Associate Director of Bands
St. Ambrose University
Davenport, Iowa

When Megan Cooney was hired at St. Ambrose University in 2015, she was tasked with an exciting challenge: start a collegiate marching band program from scratch. “Every aspect of our program has been built by me. I designed the uniforms; we lined every field; we created every student body chant or cheer; my students and I built every instrument storage unit; we take every photo and video; we create every social media post, graphic and audio recording; I assembled every instrument; I built and towed every trailer; I carried every large purchase across campus,” she said. But Cooney wouldn’t have it any other way because teaching students the responsibility of helping to run the music program gives them real-world skills and a sense of ownership regardless of their majors.

In one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “The success of the St. Ambrose athletic bands has been awe-inspiring, and the connections Megan has made with her students and high school students in the state of Iowa is nothing short of amazing.”  

Every year, Cooney has added new components to the program, such as additional scholarships, new student leadership positions and new programs like the indoor marching arts ensembles. Although the pandemic stalled some of her plans, she has ambitious goals for the coming years. “Once we get through coronavirus, I want to get back on track with performance preparation, continue to strengthen our student leadership program, create additional part-time staffing positions and begin building our two new competitive WGI programs for indoor percussion and winter guard,” Cooney said.

She also manages to find time for community outreach. Cooney has presented clinics and recruited from area high schools, and she has collaborated with other universities that are interested in how she started St. Ambrose’s music program.

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Cooley Kevin

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Kevin Cooley

High School Band, AP Music Theory and Digital Audio Production Instructor
Platteville High School
Platteville, Wisconsin

It seems fitting that the word “cool” is in Kevin Cooley’s name. He is constantly coming up with ideas to grow and improve the music program at Platteville High School. One creative concept that he introduced to students is to “fail harder.” Cooley explained that one of his former teachers used that mantra during a concert cycle and it stuck with him. “Failure is such an important step in learning, but we tend to shy away from it, which ironically leads to more failure,” he said.

Another concept he adapted from his undergraduate studies is “ensembleship,” which is understanding what a musician’s job is in the ensemble. Cooley explained, “I teach my kids to focus on four questions: 1) What is my job? 2) What is my section’s job? 3) What is the ensemble’s job? 4) How do these jobs relate?”

Jazz is a key part of Cooley’s music program. Under his tenure, Platteville’s jazz program has grown and now consists of two full jazz bands and an annual jazz night fundraiser. The jazz bands regularly traveled to jazz festivals prior to the pandemic, and Cooley invites jazz clinicians to his classes. “Jazz offers a more authentic opportunity to explore the creative process for a modern musician,” Cooley said. “Improvising, reading lead sheets, attempting to recreate a specific sound and learning how to communicate with your group verbally and non-verbally are critical skills for students who want to continue their musical pursuits in a less academic setting after high school.”

In one of his “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Kevin’s energy and ideas are contagious! From directing the musical pit, to starting a department-wide jazz fundraiser, to securing several grants to build a digital music lab and recording studio, Kevin has been the engine behind the ideas.”

Read about how Cooley embraced “intellectual discomfort” to expand the musical offerings at  Platteville High School

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Campos Jacob

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Jacob Campos

Director of Bands
Franklin High School
Franklin, Tennessee

Jacob Campos, who has been described as a rising star in the band world, didn’t let the pandemic stop him from introducing his band program to elementary and middle school students. He created a drive-through Band Safari that allowed parents and students to see different “safari exhibits” — instrument sections with Franklin High School band members dressed in animal print clothing and playing tunes along the route. Prospective band students were introduced to each instrument in a unique and fun way.

Another drive-through event that Campos spearheaded was a Halloween event where the “elementary students from all of our cluster schools watched our students perform Halloween music while parents handed out candy,” he said. “We had a massive audience, so much so that we accidentally shut down traffice to our school for a mile and a half in both directions. We may have advertised our trick-or-treat event too well!”

When all performance opportunities were cancelled because of the coronavirus, Campos organized “march-a-thons” where his band students performed for the local community. “We took our marching program and turned it into a Macy’s Parade-like performance to take on the road to several of our neighborhoods,” he explained. “We met with city officials and HOAs (home owners associations) to plan safe, socially distanced events. We also stopped in front of several veterans’ homes to honor them by performing their military branch tunes.”

In one of Campos’ “40 Under 40” nomination letters, a colleague wrote, “Like finding a path through a maze, Jacob worked tirelessly to create a plan for rehearsals that would continue to develop the fundamental and pedagogic skills required for excellent student musicianship, while demonstrating great care for students’ social and emotional learning and their physical health in a global pandemic.”

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Busch Erin

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Erin Busch

Executive Director
Young Women Composers
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

In 2018, cellist and composer Erin Busch founded the Young Women Composers Camp (YWCC), a summer camp at Temple University for female and nonbinary students between the ages of 14 and 19. During the two-week camp, students participate in college-level courses and masterclasses with guest composers, and they compose a musical piece for the resident ensemble.

With the pandemic, Busch modified the 2020 camp to be virtual. “The biggest change was shortening our day to last approximately 3 hours — rather than 8 — to cut back on screen time,” Busch said. “We hired individual performers for our students to compose for [instead of an ensemble], so each student wrote for a solo instrument. Finally, we added optional ‘after-hours’ events for students who wished to spend a bit more time together.”

Busch regularly writes letters of recommendation for YWCC alumni and connects them with professionals or organizations that can help them further develop as composers. Feedback from a student who attended this year’s camp captures the impact Busch has had: “[This camp] really changed how I think about composing, and how I believe in myself. I never realized how valuable it was … to know there are other girls and folks out there who are my age, and who compose! I can’t express how priceless this opportunity was to me.”  

Looking ahead, Busch plans to find a new name for the camp. “Having ‘women’ in the name of our program excludes the identities of non-binary and gender non-conforming composers, and we want to actively serve them through a more inclusive organization name.”

Busch also hopes to launch a year-round composition program for local composers in Philadelphia.

Read how Busch started the Young Women Composers Camp and her plans for the camp’s growth

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Bock Jenn

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Jenn Bock

Assistant Band Director, Marching Band Director
Highland High School
Gilbert, Arizona

Jenn Bock is never satisfied with the status quo — she always looks to improve her program and isn’t afraid to think outside the box and push boundaries. When she moved to Highland High School, the color guard consisted of just nine students. So Bock recruited junior high students to join the winter guard. “The excitement spread, and our winter program had two guard teams with 35 members in 2019,” Bock said.

Another area that needed updating was the movement program for the marching band. “I try to surround myself with people who are smarter than me in areas where I’m lacking,” Bock said. “I never marched drum corps or even college marching band, so when it was time to modernize the movement program, I hired people who I felt had the knowledge and skills to take us there.” She credits the marching staff for teaching the new marching and dance program to the students — which was done virtually during the pandemic.

When in-person school shut down in the spring of 2020, Bock went into overdrive and coordinated with the booster organization to sew instrumental music masks for the entire 150-student marching band. This effort enabled Highland to have summer rehearsals that followed social-distancing guidelines. According to one of her “40 Under 40” nomination letters, “Since the beginning of the pandemic, Jenn has been relentless in her pursuit of making this a meaningful year for her students.”

Bock has held multiple positions on the boards of music education organizations and is a strong role model for all music directors, but especially for young women who are considering a career in music education. Her message to them is straightforward: “Work hard and have confidence in the work you’re doing. Believe that you’re good enough to be there and then make it so.”

Read about how Bock gradually shifted the culture of Highland’s band

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Antonetti Jennifer

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Jennifer Antonetti

Instrumental Music Teacher
Topeka High School, Robinson Middle School, Meadows Elementary School
Topeka, Kansas

Simply put, Jennifer Antonetti is an organizational guru. She balances working with more than 250 students every day at three schools where she has significantly grown the music programs — doubling enrollment at Robinson Middle School and tripling it at Meadows Elementary. She actively includes and commissions music from under-represented cultures and shows students where the music originated from on world maps that she has posted in the music room. She also uses science and props to teach students how their breathing and body affect sound production on their instruments.

Because of her heavy workload, Antonetti created a way to keep herself organized, which she and her husband developed into a software application tool called BatonSync (read the article about how Antonetti created BatonSync). The software currently has subscribers in 15 states and helps music educators keep track of instrument, uniforms and equipment inventories, as well as student information, finances and more. “We have created a tool for music teachers of all disciplines to be successful,” she said. “We are building a community of music teachers and helping the profession as a whole with our intuitive and innovative software application.”

Another passion project for Antonetti is starting a Kansas chapter of Women’s Band Director International, which will fall under the umbrella of the Kansas Bandmasters Association

But at her core, Antonetti is a music educator. “My favorite thing about teaching is that I get to teach from 5th to 12th grade,” she said. “I love watching the growth process of students from boys and girls to young men and women with their own thoughts and ideas.” 

Read about how Antonetti overcame challenges, obstacles and hurdles to grow the programs at Robinson Middle School and Meadows Elementary

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Adelmann Christine

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Christine Adelmann

Band Director
Gompers Junior High School
Joliet, Illinois

Gompers Junior High’s population is 97% minority and 100% low income. When Christine Adelmann interviewed for her position at Gompers, she expressed an interest in starting a mariachi program. “I believed that it would be well-received by the community and provide our students with a culturally relevant musical experience,” she said.

And she was right! The mariachi program launched in 2019 and was so popular that it was offered virtually to the entire district for the 2020-2021 school year.

“As a white non-Spanish speaking mariachi director, I have relied heavily on Joliet’s Hispanic community to make this experience valuable and as authentic as possible. I have always been very upfront with my students, and I told them that this ensemble was going to be just as much of a learning experience for me as it is for them,” Adelmann said.

Her Spanish-speaking students take the lead when it comes to learning lyrics and pronunciation. “This gives our student leaders a sense of ownership over the ensemble and emphasizes that we are all valuable members of the ensemble with important contributions to make,” she said. “I am humbled and grateful that our kids are always excited to share their knowledge of mariachi and their culture.” 

After the first mariachi performance, the community reaction was overwhelming and heartwarming. Adelmann said, “Knowing that we had created an ensemble that the community valued and could embrace brought me tremendous pride as a music educator.”

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Training Test

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Massa sapien faucibus et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus. Sollicitudin tempor id eu nisl nunc mi ipsum faucibus. Vel pretium lectus quam id leo in. Dictumst quisque sagittis purus sit amet. Quisque id diam vel quam elementum pulvinar etiam non. Eu scelerisque felis imperdiet proin fermentum leo vel. Posuere morbi leo urna molestie. Condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien. Augue mauris augue neque gravida in fermentum et sollicitudin ac. Lacus suspendisse faucibus interdum posuere. Porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius. Velit ut tortor pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac. Lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in ornare quam viverra. Proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis rhoncus. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus.

Laoreet id donec ultrices tincidunt. Vehicula ipsum a arcu cursus vitae congue mauris rhoncus. Tempus egestas sed sed risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim. Ornare lectus sit amet est placerat. Laoreet non curabitur gravida arcu ac tortor dignissim convallis. Velit sed ullamcorper morbi tincidunt ornare massa. Mollis nunc sed id semper risus in. Porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu. Lobortis elementum nibh tellus molestie nunc non blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere. Eleifend mi in nulla posuere. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque id. Eget velit aliquet sagittis id consectetur purus ut faucibus. Pulvinar elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac.

Euismod lacinia at quis risus sed. Posuere morbi leo urna molestie at elementum eu. Facilisi morbi tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus laoreet non. Arcu cursus euismod quis viverra nibh. Dictum fusce ut placerat orci nulla pellentesque. Lectus nulla at volutpat diam ut venenatis tellus. Et sollicitudin ac orci phasellus egestas. Pharetra massa massa ultricies mi quis hendrerit dolor magna. Euismod elementum nisi quis eleifend quam. Nulla facilisi etiam dignissim diam quis. Natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes nascetur ridiculus mus. Nunc congue nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris. Tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis imperdiet proin fermentum. Amet cursus sit amet dictum. Quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat id. Fames ac turpis egestas sed tempus. Vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque elit. Egestas sed sed risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim suspendisse in. Arcu non sodales neque sodales ut. Felis eget nunc lobortis mattis.

Faucibus vitae aliquet nec ullamcorper sit. Lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et molestie ac feugiat sed. Odio ut enim blandit volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet massa vitae tortor. Tristique risus nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna nec tincidunt. Dui sapien eget mi proin. A erat nam at lectus urna duis convallis convallis tellus. Eget nunc lobortis mattis aliquam faucibus purus in massa. Sed libero enim sed faucibus. Ultrices gravida dictum fusce ut placerat orci nulla pellentesque dignissim. Hendrerit dolor magna eget est lorem ipsum dolor.

Person Example

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. At ultrices mi tempus imperdiet nulla malesuada pellentesque. Risus in hendrerit gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci. Congue nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris. Bibendum ut tristique et egestas quis. Eu ultrices vitae auctor eu augue. Lobortis mattis aliquam faucibus purus. Lacinia at quis risus sed vulputate odio. Dolor sed viverra ipsum nunc aliquet bibendum. Dictum varius duis at consectetur. Ut consequat semper viverra nam libero justo laoreet sit.

Massa sapien faucibus et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus. Sollicitudin tempor id eu nisl nunc mi ipsum faucibus. Vel pretium lectus quam id leo in. Dictumst quisque sagittis purus sit amet. Quisque id diam vel quam elementum pulvinar etiam non. Eu scelerisque felis imperdiet proin fermentum leo vel. Posuere morbi leo urna molestie. Condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien. Augue mauris augue neque gravida in fermentum et sollicitudin ac. Lacus suspendisse faucibus interdum posuere. Porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius. Velit ut tortor pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac. Lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in ornare quam viverra. Proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis rhoncus. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus.

Laoreet id donec ultrices tincidunt. Vehicula ipsum a arcu cursus vitae congue mauris rhoncus. Tempus egestas sed sed risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim. Ornare lectus sit amet est placerat. Laoreet non curabitur gravida arcu ac tortor dignissim convallis. Velit sed ullamcorper morbi tincidunt ornare massa. Mollis nunc sed id semper risus in. Porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu. Lobortis elementum nibh tellus molestie nunc non blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere. Eleifend mi in nulla posuere. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque id. Eget velit aliquet sagittis id consectetur purus ut faucibus. Pulvinar elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac.

Euismod lacinia at quis risus sed. Posuere morbi leo urna molestie at elementum eu. Facilisi morbi tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus laoreet non. Arcu cursus euismod quis viverra nibh. Dictum fusce ut placerat orci nulla pellentesque. Lectus nulla at volutpat diam ut venenatis tellus. Et sollicitudin ac orci phasellus egestas. Pharetra massa massa ultricies mi quis hendrerit dolor magna. Euismod elementum nisi quis eleifend quam. Nulla facilisi etiam dignissim diam quis. Natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes nascetur ridiculus mus. Nunc congue nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris. Tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis imperdiet proin fermentum. Amet cursus sit amet dictum. Quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat id. Fames ac turpis egestas sed tempus. Vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque elit. Egestas sed sed risus pretium quam vulputate dignissim suspendisse in. Arcu non sodales neque sodales ut. Felis eget nunc lobortis mattis.

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How to Burn-In Speakers

The first time you put on a new pair of shoes, you might find the soles to be rigid, the cushions inflexible and maybe there’s a little less wiggle-room for your toes than you’d like. But after you “break them in” by wearing the shoes for awhile, all these discomforts start to disappear … and before you know it, they fit you perfectly.

It’s the same for speakers. They too need a period of breaking in before they can perform optimally. This process is called “burning-in,” and in this article we’ll tell you how it works so you can enjoy music or the audio portion of your favorite film or TV show at its best.

Why Do a Burn-In?

The main reason for doing a burn-in is that it pushes the flexible materials in your speakers to an extent that standard playback cannot.

Speakers consist of three basic components: a driver (tweeter, mid-range and woofer), crossover and cabinet. The crossover is an electronic device that separates the overall signal into discrete frequency ranges before sending those signals on to the appropriate drivers, which are mounted in an acoustically tuned cabinet so that the sound emanates as a coherent and balanced waveform.

Each individual speaker driver consists of an outer frame, a cone or diaphragm, a voice coil and a magnet. The driver operates the same way regardless of the speaker type (i.e., sound bar, bookshelf, center channel, floor-standing, in-wall/in-ceiling, outdoor or subwoofer) and also regardless of whether the speaker is wireless or wired.

These drivers (sometimes known as transducers) are the same as what you find in earbuds or headphones, only larger. Their job is to transform electrical energy into kinetic energy via the cone (or dome) of the speaker they are attached to. The two connection points consist of the “Surround,” which attaches the frame of the driver to the cone, and the “Spider,” which is the flexible part underneath the cone that keeps the coil centered in the magnet structure. Once burned-in, the connection points loosen, letting the driver move in and out more freely.

Whether you’re playing soft rock or an epic film score, the audio quality will likely be noticeably better after the burn-in process, though the improvement is generally gradual.

How to Do a Burn-In

Burning-in your speakers is accomplished by playing audio through them for an extended period of time, with 40 hours of continuous play recommended for most speakers. Before doing so, however, we suggest setting your speakers up in a room that isn’t frequently used — and one that has doors that can be closed — so they can work their magic without disturbing anyone.

There are two widely accepted methods of burning-in speakers:

1.     Use a burn-in playlist of music and noise tracks in various frequency ranges from highest to lowest. These are available from a number of websites, including Spotify®.

2.     Use a downloadable digital track that loops different noises and frequencies. This is also known as a “burn-in disc” or online white noise playlist. One such product that we recommend is CASCADE Noise from TARA Labs, which can be played back from their website free of charge, or from the embedded video at the end of this article. (Be sure to read the instructions at the start of the video for proper safety measures and execution of the burn-in.)

Once you’ve selected which burn-in audio to use, you’ll need to make sure your source device (a mobile device or a computer) is plugged in if you’re planning to run it for a full 40 hours in one sitting, since batteries will probably run down a lot faster than that. Then you’ll need to determine how to play the burn-in track(s) through your speakers.

If your speakers are powered and wireless (such as the Yamaha SR-C20A sound bar or MusicCast 20), download or stream the burn-in track to your speaker(s) via Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi®.

If you’re using passive (unpowered) speakers, you’ll need a power amplifier or receiver. For a two-channel audio system, you’ll need an integrated amplifier or stereo receiver. For a 5.1-channel (or more) home theater configuration, you’ll need an AV receiver. An amp with built-in wireless streaming capability is particularly helpful since it will allow you to play the burn-in audio without needing to connect a source device.

Do your ears a favor and don’t listen to your speakers while the burn-in file is playing. It won’t sound good, and it’s not recommended for your hearing health. Caution: Burning-in your speakers should always be done at a moderate volume or you run the risk of damaging or destroying the drivers.

As we mentioned, 40 hours of burn-in time is a good starting point for most speakers, but you can break it into multiple four- to five-hour sessions or a little longer (while you sleep, for example) so you can use the burn-in room for a different purpose in-between.

Once you complete your burn-in, we recommend trying out some test tracks, like the Yamaha New to high-res audio? playlist on Qobuz. You’ll find that after burning-in your speakers properly, you’ll be able to enjoy music and podcasts at their peak potential!

 

Check out these related blog articles:

How to Burn-In Headphones and Earbuds

Anatomy of a Home Theater Speaker

How to Install In-Ceiling Speakers

How to Connect a Sound Bar to a Computer

What is an Integrated Amplifier?

How to Add Streaming to Your Legacy Audio System

Building the Ideal Home Theater

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha speakers.

Meet Yamaha Master Educator Dr. Jeffrey Nytch

Dr. Jeffrey Nytch, DMA, is a Professor and Director of the Entrepreneurship Center for Music at the University of Colorado-Boulder. Leading music students to understand the realities of earning a sustainable income through performance is a vital task for music educators. Relatively few orchestral openings exist and applied teaching positions at universities are scarce as well. Nytch walked this meandering career path himself until he discovered and embraced the concept of music entrepreneurship. He now directs the Entrepreneurship Center for Music (ECM) at the University of Colorado-Boulder.

The recipient of the Sharon T. Alpi Award for Innovative Pedagogy by the Society for Arts Entrepreneurship Education, Nytch is a highly sought-after presenter for both educators and students of all ages. Through these enlightening and engaging sessions, he shares strategies for building a satisfying and sustainable music career.

Nytch teaches students that they must consider the needs of the audience they seek to reach, an audience whose idea of music can encompass date night at a club, an orchestral performance at a symphony hall or relaxing to a recording by a favorite artist. He then asks students to contemplate how they would meet those needs through their own music-making.

In order to have sustainable careers in music, musicians must grasp what Nytch calls “The Entrepreneur’s Maxim”: the market will value the product that meets its needs. Understanding who it is you’re trying to reach and what they need to experience is at the heart of all entrepreneurial activity, and illustrates how entrepreneurship is about more than “business”: it’s about empowering one’s unique musical voice.

In his book, “The Entrepreneurial Muse: Inspiring Your Career in Classical Music,” Nytch explores the principles of entrepreneurship in a classical music setting, inspiring students, emerging professionals and educators alike. His program at the University of Colorado has been recognized by the Global Consortium of Entrepreneurship Centers, which presented him with the Specialty Entrepreneurship Award in 2020.

A few of Dr. Jeffrey Nytch’s session titles are:
  • The Entrepreneurial Musician
  • Dusting off the Classical Music Concert: New Paradigms for the 21st Century
  • The Conductor as Curator: Artistic Identity, Programming and Audience Engagement
  • Crowdfunding: Raising Dollars through Community
  • Entrepreneurship and Creativity: A Match Made in Heaven
To learn more about clinics by Dr. Jeffrey Nytch, please contact Jalissa Gascho at jgascho@yamaha.com.

Meet Yamaha Master Educator Dr. Donny Gruendler

Donny Gruendler, Ed.D. is the Vice President of Music Education at Guitar Center.

A self-proclaimed troublemaker in his own right, Gruendler learned firsthand how impactful music can be when he joined the stage band in 6th grade and was immediately transformed into an exemplary student who would eventually make music his life’s work.

Gruendler subscribes to Miles Davis‘ tenet: “Anybody can play. The note is only 20%. The attitude of the [person] who plays it is 80%.” Through his inquisitive nature and infectious desire to learn, Gruendler continues breaking molds by forging ahead to seek out and create an educational ecosystem that serves today’s musicians by probing, “What other delivery methods are there? What do students really need to know to become independent, fulfilled music-makers? What serves to inspire the 21st century music student to remain engaged?” He is passionate about serving the needs of the individual music-maker, no matter what the age, and his outgoing, dynamic personality makes him the Pied Piper of alternative teaching strategies for today’s music learners to help them find their own 80%.

Gruendler grasps the reality that music programs will likely continue to exist in some hybrid model of in-person and virtual learning, and that music-makers will continue to find a way to share their art no matter what the circumstance. He is committed to using his highly energized, vivacious 80% to help music educators better serve their students through the use of diverse teaching strategies as well as to help create a more entrepreneurial approach to music education overall moving forward.

A few of Donny Gruendler’s session titles are:
  • Music Matters
  • The Music Technology Landscape
  • Student Evaluations of Teaching: Perceptions of Faculty Knowledge and Their Relation to Learning
  • Anchoring Creativity within Today’s Music Classrooms
  • Diversification: Preparing Music Students for a 21st Century Income
To learn more about clinics by Dr. Donny Gruendler, please contact Jalissa Gascho at jgascho@yamaha.com.

Meet Yamaha Master Educator Dr. David Cutler

Dr. David Cutler is a Distinguished Professor and Director of the Entrepreneurship Center for Music at the University of South Carolina. He is also the author of “The Savvy Musician” and “The Savvy Music Teacher,” as well as an upcoming visual book, “The GAME of Innovation.”

No matter the organization — public or private — a linear path to incremental improvement can actually inhibit large-scale growth. What if that were replaced by “moonshot thinking” to foster groundbreaking exploration? This is where Cutler often lives, creating environments that use innovative, global thinking to launch the present into the future. His dynamic and tactical approaches are as meaningful as the remarkable results generated.

An innovator to his core, Cutler lives by the mantra — “dreams first, then logistics!” Through synergetic consultancies and sought-after seminars, Cutler guides educators and industry leaders to become better problem-solvers. Known for gamifying organizational challenges, he often leads innovation GAMEs (Guidelines, Arena, Materials and Experience), facilitating a carefully orchestrated process. Whether teams design something new or reimagine the old, they cultivate big ideas, stronger community and increased buy-in.

Cutler is widely known for his books, “The Savvy Musician” and “The Savvy Music Teacher.” He explains that successful musicians — whether educators, performers, composers, students, industry employees, et.al. — balance building a career with earning a living and making a difference. No matter the profile, it is this personal endeavor that unveils creative solutions for maximizing inspiration and impact.

Whether exploring how innovative practices can transform your organization, career or life, Cutler’s creative, non-traditional approach will leave you transformed and armed with actionable strategies.

A few of Dr. David Cutler’s session titles are:
  • Creative Performance Practice: Same Notes, Same Rhythms, Personalized Statement
  • BIG Ideas in Career and Financial Success: A Life in Music
  • Unlocking Innovation
  • How Music Education Can Change the World (and Why It Often Doesn’t)
  • Shake Up Your Studio
  • Reimagining Music in Higher Education
  • Facilitation for Change Initiatives
  • The Outward Artist: What Success Requires
  • Website/Career Model Master Class
  • How You Can Become the Best in the World
  • Doing the “Wrong” Thing: A Surprising Path to Success
  • Average Student, Savvy Student
  • Innovation GAMEs (Custom-Design Around your Challenge)
To learn more about clinics by Dr. David Cutler, please contact Jalissa Gascho at jgascho@yamaha.com.

Fix It: Trumpet Teaching Tips

For over 30 years, I have had the tremendous privilege of playing trumpet for audiences around the world.

Without the support, guidance and influence from my middle school (Mr. Kazanjian) and high school (Mr. Ezer) band directors, I would not have had the opportunity to pursue this musical passion that has given me so much happiness.

CHECK IT OUT: The YTR-2330 Bb Trumpet for Your Classroom

No matter how long a student has been playing trumpet, it’s important to develop a solid foundation of fundamentals. By having a strong warm-up routine, students will be able to move to the next level and continue to improve. I tell students that when professional athletes practice, they are always working on fundamentals — and that’s what they need to do. It’s important for your students to know that you will be able to guide them in the right direction.

I would like to address some fundamentals that you should look out for with your middle and high school trumpet players.

Jeff Conner of Boston Brass playing the trumpet

Fix It: Embouchure/Air

One of the biggest hurdles beginners and young trumpet players encounter is how to create a good embouchure and how much air to put through the instrument.

Embouchure problems to watch for:

  • “Smile” embouchure thins out lips, limits range and endurance, and produces thin sound.
  • Lower lip disappears outside mouthpiece.
  • Improper mouthpiece placement — too high or too low.
  • Puffed out cheeks.
  • Puckered lips protruding toward or into mouthpiece.
  • Bunched chin causes fuzzy sound, limits range and can create response and articulation problems.

Embouchure solutions:

  • Have students place a small mirror on their music stands so they can always check their embouchure.
  • Before placing the mouthpiece on their lips, have students say the letter “M.”
  • Tell students to imagine anchors at the corners of their lips.
  • Have students place the eraser end of a pencil between their lips and try suspending the pencil with embouchure

Another thing to keep in mind is fingerings. If students are struggling or thinking about what fingering to use, the first thing that stops working is air. Once students are secure with their fingerings, it will be easier for them to create a full sound on their trumpet.

Fix It: Proper Practice/Warm Up

three students playing the trumpet

In order to have success, music students need to know how to practice. When young students are given an assignment and told to practice for 20 minutes a day, they usually focus on making it to the 20-minute mark, and they don’t accomplished anything.

It’s important to invest the time and demonstrate to your students how to practice a new song, scale or exercise. One of the hardest techniques is practicing slowly. If you can teach your students how to practice slowly and have them understand why they need to practice slowly, that’s a huge accomplishment.

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Why is a warm-up routine for trumpet important?

  • It helps stress fundamentals and concepts of sound, rhythm and intonation.
  • It helps focus concentration.
  • It helps develop listening skills in individual students, section and ensemble.

How to warm up and what you want to hear:

  • Begin in the middle register, using no articulation at first (“HO”).
  • Find your sound.
  • Keep airflow steady whether sustaining or changing notes.
  • Keep sound round, centered and consistent from note to note.
  • Gradually increase the range in both directions.
  • Use visual cues to direct sound (bow and arrow for forte, dart for mezzo forte, paper airplane for piano).
  • Work on scales, lip flexibilities, flow exercises.

young male student playing the trumpet

Some helpful concepts for practicing:

  • Wind patterns — play passages with wind into the palm of your hand. Use lots of air and breath when needed.
  • Slur tongued passages to improve flow and tone.
  • Tongue slurred passages to fix rhythm and precision.
  • Play rhythm on low F# forte. Create as much resistance as possible.
  • Play difficult passages on “G” (alternate fingerings 0-1/3).
  • Play difficult fingering passages with left hand or backward.
  • Practice with a specific goal and in small segments of time.

The importance of daily fundamentals is an incredible investment for continued success on the trumpet. It’s like putting money in the bank! With proper guidance and using these rehearsal   techniques you are guaranteed a great trumpet section.

NAMM 2021 Highlights

NAMM may have been a virtual event this year, but there was no shortage of product announcements from hundreds of music manufacturers. These were some of the hottest new offerings from Yamaha:

Clavinova CLP-700 Series

A grand piano with the lid open.

The CLP-700 Series is the latest generation of award-winning Clavinova digital pianos. New at NAMM are the CLP-725 and CLP-775 models, which complete the CLP-700 Series lineup, along with the previously released CLP-735, CLP-745, CLP-765GP, CLP-785 and CLP-795GP. All combine a no-compromise piano playing experience with the conveniences of digital, such as being able to practice quietly and never needing tuning. And all offer numerous improvements in realism and playability, as well as, on CLP-735 models and higher, historical Voices that perfectly reproduce the fortepiano, an ancestor of the modern piano. These allow players to practice using the same tones that legendary composers heard as they crafted their music, bringing a new depth of authenticity to classical repertoire.

CLP-700 Series Clavinova models also feature the sounds of two of today’s best-loved concert grand pianos — the Yamaha CFX and Bösendorfer Imperial. Their improved GrandTouch™ and GrandTouch-S™ keyboard actions respond like a real grand piano, and the synthetic ebony and ivory key surfaces are textured to help finger grip and wick away moisture. In addition, exclusive Real Grand Expression 2 (RGE2) technology converts the slightest variations in touch into limitless dynamic and harmonic nuances. All models are compatible with the free Yamaha Smart Pianist app, allowing access to all control functions from a connected iOS® or Android™ device, and Bluetooth® wireless audio connectivity (on CLP-745 models and higher) lets players stream songs from a mobile device or computer and play along with them through the Clavinova’s built-in high-fidelity speaker system.

DTX6 Series Electronic Drum Kits

The newly-released Yamaha DTX6 Series electronic drum kits provide the perfect solution for quiet practice, rehearsal, recording and education. There are three models to choose from — the DTX6K-XDTX6K2-X and DTX6K3-X — all equipped with kick drum, snare drum, tom and cymbal pads, as well as a DTX-PRO module loaded with hundreds of professionally-sampled sounds and effects recorded around the world in renowned studios.

Electronic drum kit setup to show all elements, including electronic controls.

The list of features is awesome. A unique Kit Modifier offers limitless possibilities to create your desired sound by simply turning Ambience, Compression and Effects knobs. Lightning-fast triggering speed ensures an incredibly dynamic and expressive playing experience. With the use of the free Yamaha Rec’n’Share app, you can take videos of your performance and share them without leaving the drum throne. There’s even a series of built-in training tools designed to allow players of every level to develop their drumming skills. DTX6 Series electronic drum kits are the perfect way to practice and learn to play drums … and without the loud volume levels that come from playing an acoustic drum set.

THR30IIA Desktop Amp

The THR30IIA is the latest addition to the Yamaha THR-II family of desktop amplifiers known for their superb sound, innovative features and retro-modern look … only this compact 30-watt amp is designed specifically for use with acoustic-electric guitars. It incorporates a professional-quality Yamaha D-PRE microphone preamp, with dedicated modes for nylon-string guitars and a multipurpose flat setting, as well as three authentic-sounding microphone models — dynamic, tube and condenser, plus three-band equalization and onboard effects such as compression, chorus, delay and reverb.

Small amplifier.

But there’s much more: A built-in rechargeable battery lets you play anywhere your music takes you, and the integrated wireless receiver, when used with an optional Line 6® Relay® G10T transmitter, provides a fully cable-free performance. Dual 1/4″ instrument and XLR combo mic inputs are provided, making the THR30IIA the perfect onstage companion for singing guitarists. There’s a USB port for direct recording and playback, along with bundled Steinberg DAW software, plus compatibility with the free Yamaha Rec’n’Share app (available for iOS and Android) allows you to record audio and video along with songs from your music library, then easily share performances online. In addition, Bluetooth support enables wireless playback from paired devices through the amp’s built-in high-quality dual 3.5″ speakers, with a Stereo Imager function that can be used to widen the soundstage.

DGX-670 Digital Piano

The DGX-670 Portable Grand digital piano offers a full 88-note keyboard with exceptional playability, superb sound and visual appeal, making it ideal for beginners and accomplished pianists alike. Its “Graded Hammer Standard” keyboard action gives the low keys a heavier response and the high keys a lighter response — delivering the precise touch piano teachers recommend for building proper finger technique for playing acoustic pianos.

Electronic piano keyboard.

Included high-quality samples of the flagship Yamaha 9-foot CFX concert grand piano ensure authentic tone across the entire dynamic range, plus there are hundreds of other built-in sounds, including non-keyboard instruments and drums. To make playing fun and interactive, the DGX-670 is compatible with “You Are the Artist” digital sheet music featuring songs by iconic artists such as Adele, The Beatles, Coldplay and Elton John — all accompanied by inspiring backing tracks, with selected songs appearing as notes and lyrics on the DGX-670’s full-color LCD screen. You can slow down the tempo if you want to practice at a more comfortable speed, and a “guide” mode will even pause the music until you play the correct note or notes, so you’re never rushing to catch up. You can also plug a microphone directly into the keyboard so you can sing your favorite songs, complete with digital effects, while playing along. In addition, Bluetooth compatibility allows you to play your favorite music wirelessly through the onboard 10-watt dual speaker system.

YC73 and YC88 Keyboards

The new Yamaha YC73 and YC88 are all about versatility. They combine great-feeling new keyboard actions with soulful sounds and drawbar control, and are equally at home both onstage and in the studio. The YC73 features 73 weighted keys and is ideal for keyboardists who divide their playing between organ, piano, electric piano, clavi, synth and other staple keyboard sounds. The YC88 provides 88 weighted Natural Wood keys with synthetic ebony and ivory key tops and triple-sensor action, and is meant for musicians who prioritize the touch and response of an acoustic piano. Both models add several options to the traditional organ semi-weighted “waterfall” action, as well as integrated USB audio and MIDI capabilities.

Two stage piano keyboards lined up one behind the other. The short one on top of image is a smaller one and the bottom one is larger and has more keyes.

The YC73 and YC88 employ exclusive Yamaha Virtual Circuit Modeling (VCM) technology to capture not only the sound of classic organs, but their behavior down to the component level. VCM also reproduces the distinctive rotary speaker effect, which most keyboardists consider inseparable from the organ sound itself. In true vintage fashion, nine drawbars shape the sound by controlling individual footages, and essentials like percussion and vibrato/chorus enhance the tone. The player can also customize things like key click, “leakage” and rotary speaker speed, and the keyboard can be split between upper and lower organ registrations. In addition, there are authentic acoustic and electric pianos, strings and brass, analog-style synth sounds, classic digital FM sounds like DX7 electric pianos, leads, basses and much more, as well as two dedicated effects processors, plus configurable envelope and filter controls for real-time manipulation and interaction with the sounds you’re playing.

YDS-150 Digital Saxophone

An electronic saxophone.

The Yamaha YDS-150 Digital Saxophone allows anyone to play the saxophone anytime, anywhere. Though it has a lot in common with acoustic saxophones, it offers numerous exciting innovations such as silent practice capability and 73 preset voices that include both standard sax sounds and non-saxophone sounds. And with the use of a free smartphone app, you can control everything from pitch transposition to key response — even create custom sounds.

Best of all, any beginner or pro can pick up the YDS-150 and make a great sound right away. It feels just like an acoustic sax since it uses a similar key layout, mouthpiece, ligature and a synthetic reed. And like an acoustic sax, it even has a brass bell that provides the player with physical feedback similar to that of an acoustic instrument.

RIVAGE PM3 and PM5 Digital Mixing Consoles

The new RIVAGE PM3 and PM5 digital mixing consoles deliver maximized functionality and control in a compact footprint. By pairing CS-R3 and CS-R5 control surfaces with DSP-RX and DSP-RX-EX DSP engines respectively, they add new levels of versatility and scalability to the Yamaha RIVAGE PM series.

Electronic sound boards.

The PM3’s CS-R3 control surface packs the full RIVAGE PM series functionality and performance into the compact console’s 45-inch width, while the PM5’s CS-R5 control surface offers three large touchscreens and a condensed selected channel section for smooth, intuitive operation. The DSP-RX engine in the PM3 provides 120 inputs, 48 mix buses and 24 matrices as well as 384 internal slots for plug-ins, while the DSP-RX-EX engine in the PM5 has 288 inputs, 72 mix buses and 36 matrices, along with 512 internal slots. Additional features include stage racks with Rupert Neve Designs transformer and Silk emulation, and the ability to upgrade existing Dante-based systems to 96kHz for unprecedented sound quality and flexibility.

Cubase 11 DAW Software

Steinberg Cubase 11 is the latest update to the award-winning Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) software used by renowned producers and composers the world over. There are three different editions available — Pro, Artist, and Elements — each with the same core technologies but with dedicated tools tailored to the scope and scale of individual music production requirements.

Screenshot.

The Pro edition offers marker, chord and other track types in the key editor and makes printing stems a much easier task, with control over the full signal path. The Frequency EQ plug-in now offers several different dynamic response options, and the Score Editor now includes the Notation fonts from Dorico and a unique overlay editor. In addition, both the Pro and Artist editions offer SuperVision, a fully customizable, multimeter audio analyzer with up to nine module slots for level, spectral, phase and waveform analysis, as well as Imager — a new multiband plug-in that contributes to a cleaner mix — and SpectraLayers One, a compact version of the acclaimed SpectraLayers Pro 7. All three editions of Cubase 11 come with fresh new content: Six sound and loop sets created by hip-hop producer Beat Butcha, Hollywood sound designer Robert Dudzic and Black Octopus Sound, covering a wide range of music styles that will help to quickly jump-start any music production project.

YVN Model 3 Violins

Three sizes of violins. The largest one is center has sub-title of "Full Size"; the one on the right is the smallest and is sub-titled "1/2 size" and the one on left is an in-between size of the other 2 and is sub-titled "3/4 size".

The Yamaha YVN Model 3 Violin family is comprised of the award-winning original YVN Model 3, as well as three-quarter and one-half size violins that offer the same exceptional playing experience to young students with smaller hands. Each provides beginners with a durable, well-crafted starter instrument, complete with a bow and a sturdy carrying case.

YVN Model 3 violins are constructed with the tight tolerances normally associated with much more expensive, luthier-built models. Among their innovations is a proprietary graduated spruce top that offers exceptional tone and resonance for a student violin, as well as a new laser cutting technique that uses resin to create handsome inlaid purfling. Educators will find them to be reliable instruments that require fewer trips to the repair shop, with computer-aided designs that make them easier to service than traditional string instruments. Each piece is as precise as the one before it, making it both faster and more cost-effective to keep the violin at peak performance — an important consideration in school programs. In fact, the uniformity of YVN Model 3 violins means that teachers can replace the instrument’s bridge themselves in just minutes, and the overall construction is so consistent, it can literally be heard from instrument to instrument, allowing educators to create a cohesive ensemble sound.

YV-3030MS Vibraphone

A xylophone.

At NAMM, Yamaha announced that its YV-3030MS vibraphone will soon be replacing the company’s popular YV-1605 model. The new instrument offers exceptional performance suitable for a broad spectrum of users, from the beginning percussion student to intermediate players in high school orchestras.Main features include a gas spring height adjustment mechanism that makes it easier to set the instrument to the ideal height for players of any stature, as well as a revised vibe damper system, quieter motor noise, a compact controller, increased caster size for greater mobility, and a new bar material that produces a softer tone. In addition, an optional variable-speed driver unit includes a pause memory feature found only on higher-end Yamaha vibraphones. When engaged, the fans always stop at the memorized position when paused for non-vibrato playing, ensuring that consistent volume is maintained even when the driver is stopped and started multiple times. With its improved handling, improved sound and added features, the YV-3030MS is sure to become a mainstay of schools everywhere.

 

See you at next year’s NAMM — and remember, if you can’t make the show in person, you can always catch the highlights here!

 

For more information about these and other great Yamaha music products, click here.

Step Up to a Better Acoustic Guitar

As every guitarist knows, not all guitars are created equal.

Some models are designed especially for those new to the instrument. These entry-level guitars are generally inexpensive and are well-suited for beginners. For those guitarists that progress to the point where they’re ready to begin recording and/or performing live, there are intermediate-level instruments that offer improved sound and craftsmanship. And then there are premium instruments that offer superior tone and playability, along with the kind of reliability that advanced guitarists depend upon.

Here are five reasons why you should consider stepping up to a better acoustic guitar.

Better Tone

This may be somewhat subjective, but it’s fair to say that the better the guitar, the better the sound. One of the main reasons is the tonewoods used in the construction of the instrument. With over 130 years of building pianos (and nearly seven decades of crafting guitars), Yamaha certainly knows a thing or two about the subject! The company’s premium A5 Series guitars incorporate solid Sitka spruce tops with backs and sides of solid rosewood or mahogany and three-ply necks made of African mahogany. Their premium LL Series guitars feature solid Engelmann spruce tops and solid rosewood backs and sides, with five-ply mahogany and rosewood necks. Both offer ebony fingerboards and bridges.

RBX170EW
Yamaha A5R ARE.

LL16D ARE 800
Yamaha LL16D ARE.

While intermediate-level and premium guitars are usually constructed with solid woods, entry-level instruments often instead use laminated materials consisting of multiple thin layers of wood glued together. Solid wood generally sounds better than laminated wood because it transmits vibrations more effectively than layers of wood joined together with glue. That said, not all solid woods are equal, so it’s not possible to say that solid always sounds better than laminated wood. A well-designed guitar made of laminated woods, where the wood thickness, material choice and glue formula are perfectly refined, can sound good and be extremely durable. And because it’s where most of the vibrations occur, the top of an acoustic guitar is where you’ll notice the biggest difference between solid and laminated woods.

Additionally, the tone of most acoustic guitars improves over time as the wood ages. Does that mean you need to invest in an expensive vintage instrument or wait years before your instrument sounds its best? Not any longer, thanks to something called A.R.E. (Acoustic Resonance Enhancement), an exclusive Yamaha technology employed by A5 Series and LL Series instruments, as well as some other Yamaha guitars. This process manipulates the molecular properties of new wood, essentially aging it prematurely, so even when a guitar is brand new, it exhibits the sonic properties of a much more mature instrument.

Screenshots of graphics.
The acoustic properties of A.R.E.-equipped guitars compared to standard guitars.

Another major factor in tonality is the internal design of guitar bodies — their bracing in particular. This impacts how the sound from the strings resonates through the instrument’s body and therefore has a significant effect on the tone. Yamaha A5 Series guitars incorporate scalloped bracing for the top of the guitar and shorter-than-normal bracing for the back. The result is a louder and fatter lower-midrange response. LL Series guitars, on the other hand, are constructed with modified non-scalloped bracing, which results in a bright tone with enhanced low end. Note that neither design is “better” or “worse”; they’re simply different.

Screenshot of graphics.

Better Feel

There are many different acoustic guitar body shapes available, but for players who want access to the highest notes on the guitar, cutaway bodies allow your fretting hand to get much higher up the neck without the body getting in the way. All Yamaha A Series guitars (including the A5) feature traditional western or concert bodies with high-comfort neck profiles and cutaways that allow your left-hand better access above the 14th fret.

LL Series guitars feature 5-ply necks with a straighter-than-normal taper that makes it easier to play up high. In addition, their innovative neck design is a result of a careful evaluation of the relationship between string spacing, string height, fingerboard binding and neck taper. The result is a neck that gives you both a stable grip and excellent playability over all the frets.

Close up of a guitar neck with strings.
LL Series innovative fingerboard taper.

Better Looks

Step-up guitars also tend to have a more attractive finish and trim than entry-level instruments. For example, the Yamaha LL56 Custom ARE and LL36 ARE models feature a natural nitrocellulose lacquer finish and sport luxury abalone inlay. A5 Series guitars are slightly darker and more orange in color, and their necks feature artful inlay designs and a distinctively shaped pickguard that adds to the eye-candy factor.

Yamaha LL56 Custom ARE.

Yamaha AC5R ARE.

Better Craftsmanship

Needless to say, premium instruments tend to be better constructed than entry-level or intermediate ones, which translates to greater durability. Barring unforeseen accidents, you can expect a premium guitar to last a lifetime … or even longer!

And when it comes to building any kind of musical instrument, experience matters. Yamaha has been making guitars since the 1940s. In 1965, the company’s Guitar Research Division was established, bringing in master luthier Antonio de Torres from Spain to consult on classical guitar design. The very next year, Yamaha introduced the classic FG180 and FG150 steel-string acoustic guitars, which today have become collectors’ items.

Acoustic guitar.
The legendary Yamaha FG180, circa 1966.

In 1974, the L31 — the first instrument in the L Series of professional-level acoustic guitars designed for both recording and live performance — was launched. In 1983, the company added acoustic-electric instruments to its lineup, with A Series guitars introduced in 2011.

Over the years, Yamaha has continued to constantly refine and improve its guitar-building capabilities. Today, the company’s luthiers imbue their acoustic guitars with the best of both worlds: cutting-edge technology and hands-on old-school craftsmanship. As an example, they pre-match the wood for guitar necks and bodies early in the manufacturing process, ensuring the best possible neck-body joint for structural stability.

Better Technology

If you plan to use your guitar for live performance, your best choice in a step-up instrument would be an acoustic-electric model. These instruments have built-in pickups so that you aren’t entirely reliant upon a microphone to amplify its signal. Needless to say, the electronics in these kinds of guitars are an essential part of the package. You want a pickup system that will offer ease of use, authentic sound and feedback-reduction features. By stepping up to an A5 Series or LL Series guitar, you’ll get an instrument with SRT2 electronics, the top-of-the-line system offered by Yamaha.

This innovative technology starts with an internal pickup that has individual piezo elements for each string, which yields a more accurate tone than typical “slab-type” piezo pickups. But that’s only one facet of the system. You can also mix it with (or switch entirely to) the modeled tones of an acoustic guitar recorded in a professional studio with high-end microphones from respected manufacturers like Neumann and Royer. Being able to blend the miked tone with that from the SRT2 pickup gives you an exceptionally wide range of sonic options.

A guitar pickup with individual piezo elements.
The SRT2 pickup has individual piezo elements.

In addition, the SRT2 system provides extensive tone control, with separate knobs for Volume, Treble, Bass and Blend. Pressing the Bass knob turns on Auto Feedback Reduction, which automatically detects and cuts frequencies that are feeding back.

Want even more innovation? Imagine an acoustic guitar that lets you play with reverb and chorus effects even when it’s unplugged. Yamaha TransAcoustic guitars can do just that, thanks to a tiny built-in component called an actuator, which uses the guitar body to create true reverb and chorus effects that you can blend with the acoustic sound. These guitars also have built-in piezo pickups, giving you the ability to send the blend of guitar and effects to external amplifiers. The LL-TA model has TransAcoustic technology incorporated. Naturally, it also provides all the premium LL Series features, such as an A.R.E.-treated solid Engelmann spruce top and modified non-scalloped bracing, as well as that big LL sound.

Acoustic guitar.
Yamaha LL-TA.

Thanks in large part to the company’s vast experience and expertise in guitar building, premium-quality Yamaha acoustics provide an unbeatable combination of tone, playability, durability, looks and value. If you’re looking to step up when it comes to your acoustic guitar, be sure to check them out!

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha A5 Series guitars.

Click here for more information about Yamaha LL Series guitars.

Click here for more information about the full line of Yamaha acoustic and acoustic-electric guitars.

Five More Things You May Not Know About String Instruments

In our blog “Five Things You May Not Know About String Instruments,” we covered some little-known facts about string instruments that even some experienced players may not be aware of. Here are five more things about string instruments that may surprise you.

1. No One Is Really Sure Where Violins Came From

String instruments date back to at least ancient Greek times. There were many types of stringed musical instruments then, such as the harp, lyre, phorminx and psalatery. Some were played with a bow, but the shapes were quite different from those we now recognize.

A stringed instrument made of wood.
A phorminx.

But how and exactly when these developed into modern string instruments is largely lost to history. By all accounts, the bowed instruments of today were largely the development of European instrument-making guilds in the 16th century, during what is now called the “Golden Age” of violin making. Italy was the leader, home of the great Cremonese School that brought forth the Amati design that was later the basis for designs by Gaspar d’Salo, Antonio Stradivari, Giuseppe Guarneri and other well-known violin-makers. The viola and cello also changed form during that era.

Bonus trivia: Perhaps you’ve heard that many early stringed instruments originally used “catgut” strings. It’s true that these were a byproduct of animal intestines — but they came from the intestines of sheep, not cats. The same material went into stringing tennis racquets up until the 20th century, before scientists developed polymers.

2. It Takes a Lot of Wood to Make a String Instrument

In general, it takes 70 pieces of wood to craft a string instrument, whether it’s a violin, viola, cello or bass. The back, ribs and neck are carved from maple, which is a rigid wood. Tops are normally spruce, which is much softer and helps produce a strong tone. Ebony and rosewood can be used for pegs, tailpiece, fingerboard and (in the case of violin and viola) chin rest. These are dense materials that hold up to long-term use.

Some parts may seem ornamental, as opposed to functional, but the reality is that every piece of wood plays an important role in contributing to the sound the instrument produces. It could be said that the most vital component is the sound post, which appears at first glance to be nothing more than a simple spruce dowel between the top and back of the instrument. However, without it, the instrument is useless, since the sound post acts to transfer the vibration of the strings from the top to the back of the instrument … which eventually produces the tone and is responsible for the sound projection. It’s interesting that in Spain, this small piece is referred to as the “Alma,” which translates in English as the “Soul” of the instrument.

The sound post is also the only internal part of a string instrument that isn’t glued into place — instead, a luthier will move it up and down to best fit the acoustics of the individual instrument. (The position of a sound post inside a violin is critical, and moving it by even very small amounts can make a big difference in sound quality and loudness.) The luthier also carves its ends to fit the internal shape of the top and back. Once a sound post is in place, only the pressure of the tuned strings keeps it in place.

Close-up of a violin with a red arrow pointing to its sound post.
Sound post.

3. The Finish Plays a Very Important Role in the Sound

It can be said that there are as many ways to make a violin finish as there are to make a violin. Today, with the development of polyurethane finishes and aniline dyes, most finishes are synthetic. This allows for a fast application and a durable finish to protect the wood. In the early days of violin making, however, luthiers had to rely on more natural elements. Typically the varnish was a thickened oil with a few other additives to determine the color. It wasn’t unusual for a luthier and a pharmacist to collaborate on this aspect! Very often, the pharmacist was the most knowledgeable person in a village to determine exactly what mineral needed to be added to a varnish to create a desired color. These oil-based varnishes are very soft and allow the instrument to vibrate without confinement.  Even today, oil varnishes are widely used in better grade string instruments, and over time they wear and develop a patina that gives each instrument a unique characteristic appearance.

4. The Purfling is There for an Important Reason

The purfling on the edges of a string instrument — the narrow decorative edge inlaid into the top plate and often the back plate as well — may appear to be purely ornamental, but actually has a very practical purpose. It serves to bind the top and back of the instrument and prevent cracks from forming as a result of changes in temperature and humidity. It also acts to strengthen the edges of the top and back to help withstand the kinds of minor bumps and bangs that occur during normal usage. To create it, the luthier first carves a channel along the edges of the top and back of the instrument and then inlays the purfling into that channel.

Close up of the joined edges of a violin.
Violin purfling.

5. Graduation is Important Too

Graduation is the process of thinning the top and back of a string instrument, and it’s the most time-consuming task in making such an instrument. Luthiers will remove thin layers of wood from the inside of the top in different places using a small wood plane. Each slice removed will change the sound of the finished instrument. This is where art and physics meet up, as each top will have different acoustic characteristics. It’s up to the skill of the luthier to determine when an instrument’s top will provide the best sound possible after it is finished … and it’s a skill that takes many years to develop. While there are some suggested patterns available as a guide for a luthier, in the end no two instruments will ever have the same graduation pattern.

Close-up image of hands using small tools on a piece of wood shaped like a violin.
A violin top being graduated.
Phorminx image via Wikimedia Commons. Sound post photo by Chris Guin, Electric Violin Shop.

 

Check out these related blog articles:

Five Things You May Not Know About String Instruments

When Do You Need to Go to a Luthier?

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha acoustic string instruments.

Meet Yamaha Master Educator Omar Thomas

Omar Thomas is an Assistant Professor of Composition at The University of Texas at Austin, Butler School of Music. He is helping educators rethink the way that they can build non-exclusionary curricula.  Feet firmly planted in the multiple worlds of music, Thomas is a leading voice in the belief that genres like classical and jazz aren’t actually so different. Seeking to provide access to different genres and stimulate open-mindedness within the classroom, he works with colleagues to direct progressive curriculum changes and increase communication between students and educators. Encouraging students to be “small in their greatness and great in their smallness,” Thomas has an honest, modern view on composition and musical growth. He inspires students and educators alike to test boundaries, supported by a belief that people are naturally going to stumble at times when they’re pioneers. While being hailed by Herbie Hancock as showing “great promise as a new voice in the further development of jazz in the future,” what greatly appeals to Thomas’ students and colleagues is that he understands how the musical concepts rooted in jazz or classical translate to other genres, and he strives to display musical diversity in his teaching.

Inspired by Nina Simone, Thomas believes that the mission of artists is to reflect the times and situations in which they find themselves, and he instills this value in his students and colleagues. He proudly wears his heart on his sleeve, encouraging students to bare their soul to the world through their music, understanding that the audience responds to authenticity and vulnerability.

“We’re encoding the stories of the past and the present so that we can have a clear and honest picture of who we’ve been, what we’re building upon, and where we’re going creatively — which is a reflection of our society. Lean into the music of the world you’re living in,” Thomas says.

Thomas is a passionate and engaging guest conductor, lecturer, clinician or artist-in-residence for any program.

A few of Omar Thomas’ session titles are:
  • The “Money” Notes: Coloring Dominants in Jazz Harmony
  • Beyond Key Signatures: Unlocking the Circle of Fifths
  • The Power of Mediant Harmonic Motion
  • The Post-Genre Era

To learn more about clinics by Omar Thomas, please contact Jalissa Gascho at jgascho@yamaha.com.

Into the Light

At long last, it’s a new year. 2020 is finally in the rear-view mirror.

It goes without saying that it was a challenging year for creativity, especially if you’re the kind of person who performs or shares their music with other humans in order to connect with them.

Okay, things might not have changed all that dramatically on January 1st — Cinderella’s pumpkin didn’t automatically turn back into a carriage. But at least we’re psychologically on the other side.

So why is it still so hard to resume making art?

There are certainly songs to be written about all the chaos that accompanied 2020 and lights at ends of tunnels. That said, you may intuit that people are tired of hearing about that — they’re ready to be uplifted. But it may be that’s exactly the feeling we need to confront before we can move forward into the light.

Such a song could serve to emotionally punctuate the moment and clear the way for new material. That’s why, in my opinion, it’s a song worth writing … even if nobody ever hears it but you. You count. And not all art is meant to be shared, anyway. Think of it as journaling. You keep going so that you can turn the page.

If you’re eager to jump back into the game, you may be wondering how to get re-inspired. It’s pretty challenging to collaborate these days since we’re still at a distance, so we may have to be our own catalyst.

In his article “Find Five Minutes—It Doesn’t Take That Long!”, Wilco’s Jeff Tweedy posits that inspiration isn’t everything. In fact, it’s “rarely the first step. When it does come out of the blue, it’s glorious. But it’s much more in your own hands than the divine‐intervention‐type beliefs we all tend to have about inspiration. Most of the time, inspiration has to be invited. … Pick up a guitar, and you’re much more likely to write a song.”

“Setting aside time to spend in the creative state — especially when I see how much time people spend on their phones — is something you can do every day,” Tweedy continues. “Knowing how to write a song isn’t going to help you much if you never find the inspiration or discipline to get started.”

There’s no specific exercise or process required to get started. In fact, it’s more about making a move. Surrendering to the cosmos. Being vulnerable and letting go. Believing that once we do get started, we’ll feel that familiar momentum.

What is it you’ve done in the past to fall into that zone? Can you go back there? What time of day was it? Were you home alone? Were you out walking or driving? Did listening to your favorite song make you feel emotionally connected and ready to create again?

My personal favorite part of creating a song (or a blog, or any piece of writing, for that matter) is when I’m almost done. When all I need is one more line or one more rhyme to feel I’ve come full circle. But you can’t get there unless you start somewhere.

Did you get gifted a new instrument from Santa last month? A journal with empty pages yearning to be filled? If so, perhaps you need to give the universe a sign that you’re ready.

It is a new year. We are standing in that light. I wish you all health and connection and I hope the universe RSVPs when you send it your invitation.

 

Check out Shelly’s other postings.

Flutist Mimi Stillman’s Sweet Sounds

Flutist Mimi Stillman compares her role of managing the chamber music group Dolce Suono (“Sweet Sounds”) to running a small country.

Although she quickly gives credit to a strong team and dedicated board, Stillman’s roles as founder, artistic director and executive director mean she dives into “everything, from the minutia of scheduling rehearsals to grant writing, grant reporting, publicity, music licensing, development and donor relations.”

The actual programming is often done as a team. Because chamber music is a sort of conversation, having a literal conversation about the pieces the group plays makes sense, Stillman says.

Many of the performers are fellow Curtis alumni. Even if they didn’t overlap at the school, the shared experience creates a close-knit group.

Stillman loves planning new performances. “There’s a part of it that is conceptual, … coming up with a deep question or theme about the music and carrying it out in a project,” she says.

Bringing a new concept to life can be slow; one project took seven years from idea to performance. One reason is that Dolce Suono often commissions new pieces.

Stillman embraces the work. “Combining the two hats that I wear, as a musician and historian, and having our projects have that intellectual component reflecting those two areas is very, very rewarding,” she says.

Photo by Jolesch Photography


SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Mimi Stillman: Accomplished and Approachable

Mimi Stillman was only 12 years old when she started working toward her bachelor’s degree at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia.

“I did a lot of media interviews about being a prodigy, but I was very lucky,” she remembers. “I was just doing what I loved to do. I had the most supportive family and teachers who thought of me as a whole person and not just a music-playing being. [My family] made sure I always had balance and perspective in my life.”

Mimi Stillman as a child with Julius BakerHer lead teacher at Curtis was the legendary Julius Baker, who had been the principal flute for the New York Philharmonic for 18 years before retiring to focus on instruction. “He took me under his wing with great warmth and caring,” Stillman recalls. “I had long admired his playing on recordings. Even though he was rather senior when I began studying with him, Julie was in fantastic playing condition and would play in every lesson. I will never forget the overwhelming thrill of hearing his signature, lush Baker sound right beside me while we played duets.”

Baker, who became a beloved grandfather figure to the preteen Stillman, insisted that his students were their own best teachers — a philosophy Stillman has embraced throughout her career. “There was so much profundity to that,” she says. “You might spend an hour with your teacher, but you’re always with yourself. With time, I unpacked the depth and wisdom of what he was saying. You have to be critical, learn to listen, learn to help yourself. And hopefully when you become a teacher, you’ll pass along to your students the skills and independence to coach themselves.”

Beyond the technical skills, being your own teacher involves “questioning, learning, going beyond the notes,” Stillman says. “I’m always thinking of ways to do that myself and with my students.”

Debussy Devotee

Stillman graduated from Curtis at 17. Even though she immediately took on a full schedule of performing, including extensive travel, she juggled her flute career with an academic one, earning a master’s in history from the University of Pennsylvania.

After completing courses about art history, military strategy and medieval history throughout early modern Europe and Asia, Stillman wrote her thesis on the influence of Asian music on the French composer Claude Debussy.

“Since I was a child, I felt a kinship with Debussy’s writing for flute, which deepened into a scholarly interest,” Stillman says. In addition to her thesis, she arranged a book of Debussy songs and has written several articles on aspects of his music.

During the 2012-2013 season, Stillman’s chamber group, Dolce Suono Ensemble, presented a season-long series of concerts celebrating the composer’s 150th birthday. “At the same time, I celebrated Debussy’s birthday with my own personal project, which I called ‘Syrinx Journey.’ I performed and filmed his flute masterpiece, ‘Syrinx,’ every day for the entire year — in concert, in my living room, on a train, with friends. I started and ended on August 22, his birthday.”

Stillman uploaded all 366 videos to a special YouTube channel (Syrinx Journey) and continues to add bonus videos. “I never tire of the genius of this evocative piece,” she says.

An Academic Approach

The academic aspect of music is a crucial part of Stillman’s professional life. “I feel like music encompasses everything,” Stillman says. “It all works together. Playing music involves the physical. … It’s a skill; there’s drill [and] there’s daily practice. But the intellectual part always has to be active in the playing and the execution, but also the artistry, the expression, the learning, the interpretation about what you’re playing. And music also functions on a really emotional level, of course.”

Stillman explains that some musicians’ approach to learning new pieces is, “Let me learn the notes, and then I’ll figure out what they mean.” But for her, knowing the history and context of the music allows the work of interpretation to start right from the beginning.

Stillman writes most of her own album and program notes, and her appreciation for the past works its way into everything she does. “Intellectual content enriches the music,” she says.

In a  review of  Dolce Suono Ensemble, The New York Times captured her artistic goals: “Ms. Stillman is not only a consummate and charismatic performer but also a scholar. Her programs tend to activate ear, heart — and brain.”

Stillman constantly pushes herself to learn new skills — including new approaches to technology and social media to reach her audience. “My learning curve has been steep on how to share my music through technology,” she admits.

Embracing the challenge, Stillman launched a Facebook livestream series called “Tea with Mimi,” which mixes performance with discussion and education. “One of the greatest blessings about being a musician is that we get to grow our entire lives! I hope every day to become a better flutist and artist or at least to learn something in the process of trying,” Stillman says.

Another recent challenge has been learning how to improvise cadenzas in Mozart concertos — what Stillman calls “a daunting and mind-opening challenge!”

Mimi Stillman holding flute in front of a group of studentsConnecting with Students

Stillman laughs when asked if her past as a prodigy gives her any insight into the best way to teach music to kids. “As a 12-year-old and then teenager performing in professional settings, I never realized how young I was!” Stillman says. “I was doing what I love, having fun and making friends. It was only much later that I realized that I’ve had an unusual life in many ways.”

Stillman often visits schools to perform concerts and lead clinics. “Instilling an appreciation and a love for music — and a passion for making music — is really important,” she says. “If teachers are able to build lifelong listeners, that’s a huge success. And if they build someone who plays music all [his or her] life, even better.”

Beyond gaining a solid foundation in technique, young students should have an understanding of the music canon, Stillman says. “I have seen the power of [classical] music’s impact on people who have never heard it before,” she says.

One example from almost 20 years ago sticks with Stillman. Over the course of three days, she performed in front of 1,000 students in San Diego public schools, with classes in Spanish and English. “In a school with no music program, one little boy raised his hand during the Q&A and asked me if I would play the Mozart again,” she says. “Coming from a child who had probably never encountered Mozart before, it was awe-inspiring. I experienced firsthand the power of music as a universal language of communication.”

Stillman began teaching inner-city students in Philadelphia on a volunteer basis when she was around 14 and is now an artist-in-residence at Temple University.  “My experience has taught me to be creative and open-minded and most of all to be resourceful in solving problems and finding ways to unleash the musical spirit in my students,” she says. “An important part of being a musician is psychological and emotional, so being intuitive and sensitive to others is key.”

Stillman grew up speaking Spanish and English. “As a Spanish speaker, I feel a strong connection to Philadelphia’s Latino populations of all backgrounds,” she says.

Stillman’s Música en tus Manos (“Music in Your Hands”) program, operated by her chamber group Dolce Suono Ensemble and funded by an award from the Knight Foundation, puts on bilingual events including performances, presentations, and side-by-side performances with Latino students in Philadelphia.

Collaborative Learning and Listening

One of Stillman’s goals as a teacher is to show her students how to practice and interpret music for themselves. “I want to foster their development as independent, creative artists in their own right,” she says.

Stillman embraces teaching by example, inviting her students to be part of her day-to-day life. “My students see what I do as a performer, soloist, chamber musician and teacher,” she says. “They also see me as an entrepreneur. They see my career from close up, which makes them think about career paths for themselves.”

Stillman also teaches technique collaboratively. “During lessons, I demonstrate the pieces they’re working on as well as play duets … and flute ensemble works with [them],” she says. “We even warm up together with technical exercises at studio classes and before my studio recitals. I think this hands-on approach fosters strong skills and confidence in my students.”

The most important part of being your own teacher? Listening. “One of our main jobs as musicians is to listen,” she says. “At times, listening is very concrete — let’s listen for rhythm, let’s listen for intonation, let’s listen for the phrasing, let’s listen to our vibrato, let’s listen to ourselves and record it back.”

Listening can also be philosophical. “As musicians, we know in our mind how we want [the music] to sound. … There’s the concrete listening and the idealized listening.”

Stillman sums up the duality of her listening philoso­phy with a Pablo Picasso quote: “‘Everything you imagine is real,’” she says. “I think that’s so fitting for artists. We are constantly inventing a world for ourselves in music.”

 

Mimi Stillman At A GlanceMimi Stillman holding flute and teaching

Bachelor’s: Curtis Institute of Music

Master’s: University of Pennsylvania

Current Position: Artist-in-Residence at Temple University; Founder, Artistic Director and Executive Director of Dolce Suono Ensemble

Selected Recordings:

  • “American Canvas,” as part of Dolce Suono Trio
    with Lucy Shelton (2018)
  • “Freedom,” with pianist Charles Abramovic (2015)
  • “Odyssey: 11 American Premieres for Flute and
    Piano,” with pianist Charles Abramovic (2011)

Photos by Pete Checcia, Courtesy of Mimi Stillman and Joslesch Photography

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Fix It: Timpani Teaching Tips

As you prepare for the next musical journey with your students, here are some ideas to help your young timpanists.

Timpani students need guidance as they are soloists who have a tremendous impact on both the pulse and intonation of your ensemble. Timpanists are both the “drum set player” and the “bass player” of the ensemble. That’s something I love about playing timpani.

A challenge for every timpanist — beginning and advanced — is always producing a quality sound on the instrument. Often, young timpanists may have a dark, muffled, dead tone when they play. A quality sound is impacted by two primary aspects — the correct beating spot and proper stroke production. Let’s examine both of these.

Fix It: Beating Spot

On timpani, you want a beating spot that both resonates and has the sound color (timbre) that you are after. As a player, I find that this spot is about 3 inches from the edge of the bowl. When I play here, I have a tone that rings and has a bright timbre that projects well. For a slightly darker timbre, you could be about 4 inches from the edge. If the beating spot is 6 inches or more from the edge, the tone becomes dead and “thuddy” and should be avoided. Remember, always listen to the sound you are producing whenever you play. The quality of the sound is paramount!

Related to beating spots, it is important for students to arrange the timpani so that the mallet heads stay in the proper beating spot as they move between the drums. Often, young players will pull the drums too close together, which results in their mallet heads missing the beating spots and going too close to the center of the head. A basic exercise of eighth-notes moving around the four drums will help students find both the correct drum setup and the correct beating spots.

Fix It: Stroke Production

Next, let’s examine proper stroke production. Whether your student is using German (matched) grip or French grip, the key concept for a quality sound is to have a tossing motion combined with a natural rebound. To teach this tossing motion, I have my students bounce a tennis ball on the floor. This bouncing action creates the exact relaxed flow in the forearm and wrist that we want with matched grip. Also, the bouncing ball is a great visual reinforcement for the rebound of the head.

male student playing timpani

Let’s pause for just a moment to mention French grip. As a player, I find this grip enables me to have more rebound off the head, and it produces the sound quality I want. Here is my approach to teaching it.

  • Extend your hands in front of your abdomen with elbows bent. Imagine you are holding a ball between your two hands.
  • Now imagine you are turning a doorknob with each hand.
  • Notice that your wrists are rotating instead of hinging (as they do in matched grip).
  • While rotating your wrists, pinch the thumb and first finger of each hand together.
  • Notice that your thumbs stay on top.
  • Pick up your mallets and rotate. They should move straight up and down.
  • Notice that the mallets do not go below horizontal and have a lot of upper mobility.

Now let’s apply the tossing motion to the timpani. With the mallet heads in the correct beating spot and using either grip, raise one mallet up to 12 inches, toss it toward the drum and release the grip at the moment it strikes. Notice how much the mallet rebounds off the head and the tone resonates. This is the type of rebound you want. Now, repeat the tossing motion but maintain a firm, relaxed grip and allow the mallet to rebound and follow-through off the head. The result is a big, full, focused quality of sound. When we combine the correct beating spot with a fluid stroke, the result is a great quality of sound.

Fix It: Quality Rolls

Another challenge for every timpanist is a quality roll. Remember that other than in rare instances, all rolls on timpani are single-stroke rolls. Our goal with a roll is to produce a quality sound that continues over time. As a player, our natural instinct is to play fast notes, but when we are too fast, it does not produce a good sound. We only need to play fast enough to keep the timpano head vibrating and resonating. To have students develop even, consistent rolls, have them practice a basic exercise such as:

R R R R R R R R |Rl Rl Rl Rl Rl Rl Rl Rl|

where the R hand is on the 16th notes and the Rl are 32nd notes. Start at about quarter-note = 60 and gradually increase to 100. Once the tempo gets faster, the roll will transition into sextuplets instead of 32nd notes, but the actual roll speed will be the same — relaxed and fluid. There will be slight modifications to this concept based on the size of the timpano because we will roll a bit slower on larger drums with low pitches and slightly faster on small drums with high pitches.

This roll control will take time to develop, but it can be practiced on a pad at home. Once this basic exercise is natural, apply it to half-note rolls with a release. Then adapt it to quarter-note and whole-note rolls. Watch your beating spots; maintain proper stroke production and always remember —the quality of the sound is paramount!

Fix It: Tuning

A last aspect I recommend is to help to your students learn to tune the timpani. For me, this was a significant challenge and took time to develop. Here are my suggestions to improve students’ tuning ability

  • Work with all your percussionists so they can match a pitch in their voice range.
  • Have them play and sing intervals [e.g., play A; sing A; play D; sing D; sing A-D perfect 4th].
  • Have them sing and play intervals [e.g., play A; sing A; sing D; play D to check].
  • Continue with “practical” timpani intervals both up and down [perfect 4th, perfect 5th, major triads, 5-note scales, half-step from any pitch; whole step from any pitch].

Some of this can be practices at home using a smartphone tuner app.

Once student can sing intervals, it is time to take the same process and move it to two timpani. Have them practice tuning various pitches without looking at the gauges. (In fact, you could cover them up). Here is my four-step process for tuning a pitch on a given timpani.

  • Yamaha Timpani PedalStep 1: Sound the pitch [e.g., piano, marimba, tuning fork, tuner app. I am not a fan of a pitch pipe].
  • Step 2: Sing the pitch.
  • Step 3: With the pedal in a low position, strike the head quietly one time and …
  • Step 4: Immediately move the pedal up to the pitch you are singing — the desired pitch.

If you are unsure of your tuning accuracy, repeat the process. As young timpanists become more adept with this, then the external singing becomes internal and the strike is very light.

During this ear-development process, it is vital to guide your students and encourage them. Yes, they will be out of tune at times. Help them “learn” what is flat, what is sharp and what is in tune. Guide them to be in tune. Remember, other instrumentalists have been tuning since they began. Your timpanist may have years of band before they “need” to tune, so it might take time for them to develop this ability.

While I write this, I am in the fourth month of the COVID-19 “shelter-in-place” guidelines. This means I have not been able to play timpani, and I miss it greatly! Once I get back to the drums, I will be using all of these fundamental techniques to return to playing form. For me, it is thrilling to be a pivot point for an ensemble and provide energy, support, color and rhythmic drive from my position as timpanist. I encourage you to pass this excitement on to your students!

If you have any questions about timpani and percussion, please contact me through my faculty page at Illinois State University School of Music.

I wish you all the best with your upcoming musical journeys!

How to Get Great Audio In Your Home Office

There’s no question that the corporate landscape has shifted dramatically in recent months, relocating millions of people from cubicles at their place of business to kitchen tables at home. It’s a watershed moment for us all, and especially for providers of technology, as this new WFH (work from home) demographic seeks solutions to optimize their performance and productivity in makeshift office spaces.

Even those fortunate enough to have a private, dedicated area from which to work can benefit from the inclusion of audio technology. In this article, we’ll tell you how to get great audio in your home office, however modest or expansive it might be.

Audio Keeps You Connected

It’s easy to feel isolated and disconnected from clients and colleagues when working from home. Thankfully, good Wi-Fi® connectivity and video conferencing software are helping remote workers maintain close contact virtually. It may not have the same impact as in-person meetings, but you still get the wealth of information that facial expressions, hand gestures, and body posture can impart.

All these visual cues mean nothing, however, if you have to strain to hear the conversation — or, just as bad, if the people at the other end of the line can’t hear you. Intelligible audio is critical to conducting business and conveying a professional work-from-home image, yet it can be tough to pull off in a household setting. There are countless distractions — kids, barking dogs, the doorbell, the neighbor’s lawnmower — that can pull you mentally away from the conversation, and the microphone in your computer can pick up a lot of background noise, making it tough on everyone. The problem is exacerbated if you have to conduct conference calls from the kitchen, living room or other shared space, so even if you make your best efforts to stay focused, your ears can struggle to hear what’s coming from the computer speakers.

Minimize Distraction with Headphones and Earbuds

Fortunately, there’s an easy and affordable solution: Turn off your computer’s speakers and put on a pair of headphones or earbuds instead. Headphones and earbuds serve the critical function of muffling extraneous noise so you can focus on listening to what is being said during a virtual meeting. They also give your family members an important visual cue — a clear indication that you are in work mode and should not be disturbed. And if you’re the type of person who likes to work with background music — a proven productivity booster — they can bring music to your ears without disrupting others.

Over-the-ear noise cancelling headphones provide excellent isolation, removing virtually all extraneous noise. What’s more, wireless models like the Yamaha YH-E700A allow you to stay connected and engaged even when you leave your desk for a cup of coffee. The YH-E700A provides a number of useful work-from-home technologies, such as Listening Optimizer, which adapts the incoming sound to your environment, and an Ambient Sound mode for those times when you need to hear what’s happening around you (such as, for example, a child in need) in addition to the audio coming from your computer.

Yamaha YH-E700A headphones.
Yamaha YH-E700A headphones.

If you find headphones too constraining and isolating, consider using earbuds like the Yamaha TW-E3A instead. Like the YH-E700A, these are wireless, giving you the freedom to move around the room, and, like the YH-E700A, they offer a special feature called Listening Care, which provides automatic equalization for full-range sound and intelligibility even at low listening volumes. And although TW-E3A earbuds are smaller than headphones, they still pack a powerful punch, and they’re comfortable and safe enough to wear all day.

Young woman with pink hair and black rimmed glasses wearing Yamaha TW-E3A earbuds.
Yamaha TW-E3A earbuds.

As a bonus, both the TW-E3A and the YH-E700A can be used to make phone calls and send verbal commands. By engaging a tap-to-talk button, you can tell your voice assistant to turn on the music, dim the lights, even answer the doorbell, as long as those devices are compatible with voice control platforms.

Mix Business with Pleasure by Using Sound Bars and Wireless Speakers

If you’d rather get your home office audio from standard speakers, there are countless options. Yamaha offers a wide range of wireless models that can be easily integrated into a home office setting — as well as in other rooms of the house — allowing you to effortlessly mix business with pleasure. From business-related podcasts and stock reports to after-hours rock and roll, dedicated music speakers provide audio quality far superior to that of ordinary computer speakers. Choose wireless models like the Yamaha MusicCast 20 (small enough to fit on any desktop) or MusicCast 50 (for larger rooms) and you won’t even have to run any cabling, allowing you to hear what you need to hear in any room of your house — even out on your patio.

MusicCast-20
Yamaha MusicCast 20.

MusicCast-50
Yamaha MusicCast 50.

In fact, with the right speakers and computer display, a dedicated home office can function as a home theater when you clock out. If you like the size and resolution of your computer monitor, the transformation is as simple as connecting a Yamaha SR-C20A sound bar to your setup. You’ll get the full surround sound effect, as well as deep bass from its built-in subwoofer. The SR-C20A is the perfect compact size too. It measures a mere 23 inches wide, so you’ll hardly sacrifice any amount of surface on your desk surface; alternatively, it can easily be wall-mounted.

Yamaha SR-C20A speaker on desktop under computer monitor.
Yamaha SR-C20A.

If you want to take your after-hours entertainment a step further, consider investing in a large flat-panel display and add an integrated sound bar like the Yamaha SR-B20A, which has a built-in subwoofer for that powerful low-end punch. If you need a better way to watch the news and other business-related content, or require a bigger view of online presentations while you work (with commensurately bigger sound), this is just the ticket … plus, when you’re not working, you can use your home office to entertain friends and family.

Yamaha SR-B20A mounted on wall under tv in living room.
Yamaha SR-B20A.

Listening to the Audio Needs of Your Home Office

Solid communication and collaboration are essential in any work environment. So when the home office becomes your only office, the technology that drives the audio — be it conversations from a videoconferencing session, an online business course, a recorded presentation or productivity-boosting background music — needs to stand up to the unique challenges of a work-from-home setting. A pair of high-quality headphones, wireless speakers and/or a sound bar can help turn every kind of space — from an ordinary guest bedroom to a corner in the kitchen or anywhere else you plop your laptop — into a functional, productive home office.

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha YH-E700A wireless headphones.

Click here for more information about Yamaha TW-E3A wireless earbuds.

Click here for more information about Yamaha MusicCast 20 wireless speakers.

Click here for more information about Yamaha MusicCast 50 wireless speakers.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha SR-C20A sound bar.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha SR-B20A sound bar.

8 Cost-Effective Tips to Improve Your Recordings

“Going virtual” was something that terrified even the most seasoned and skilled music educators, but it is now a reality for all of us.

And while most music educators have become proficient in the various online teaching tools to conduct classes, virtual instruction isn’t an ideal way to observe students perform, which limits our ability to provide meaningful feedback. Likewise, it is harder for students to observe us via a computer as their models for performance standards. Streaming services have worked for some, but they do not compare to in-person teaching. As a result, recording performances for feedback has become standard practice for lessons and assessments across our industry.

The quality of these recordings is likely the largest hurdle for students and instructors. Poor quality recordings limit the amount of usable information obtained. Historically, creating audio and video recordings of decent quality required specialized skills and equipment. With advancements in software and technology, creating effective recordings is within reach of most musicians. Below are some tips and tricks to get you started.

READ: Home Studio Troubleshooting Tips, Part 1: Hardware

1. Useful and Versatile Softwareshot of computer screen with video editing software

Working in a recording-based semester requires the ability to view and manipulate various audio files. Most home computers come out of the box equipped with enough software to get started. However, you may find your device can’t view or manipulate some files the way you would like. To help, there is a myriad of free and economical software to get the job done.

Check out these helpful software applications:

  • VLC Player — If your computer can’t open an audio or video file, try this universal, can-play-anything media player.
  • K-Lite Codec Pack — Media files are encoded and decoded using codecs. A good codec pack like K-lite can often enable your favorite player to play files it normally wouldn’t be able to. It can also give your player functions it normally can’t perform. In many cases, it can allow media players to access menu options, such as subtitles and language options, in files that have those options within them. While a universal player like VLC Player is typically a simpler solution, the K-lite Codec Pack provides more options and functions while allowing you to retain your favorite media player. There is a higher chance of the codec pack not working compared to a universal player as you are asking two or more pieces of software made by different companies to cooperate on a single task.
  • Audacity — This free recording platform is able to do most of what a professional recording software can do. Audacity allows you to record, cut and alter audio files with a greater degree of control than the voice recorder or similar app that typically comes with a new computer, smartphone or tablet.
  • Shotcut — What Audacity is to audio, Shotcut is to video. It is a free video editing software that can do most basic video editing and file converting processes. This is helpful for editing videos. Shotcut comes in handy particularly when you have a recording device that only creates files in a format that is exclusive to specific operating systems.
  • Windows Media Player — This media player is free and available to Windows users. Although Windows Media Player has recently been replaced by Groove Music as the go-to media player for the Windows OS, it is still useful because of its longevity and compatibility with codec packs.
  • iMovie — This video-editing software comes installed on all Apple computers. iMovie provides most of the features of a professional software application with limits in fine-detailed editing.
  • Movie Maker – The Windows version of iMovie, Movie Maker is great for getting started as it will let you cut and splice video files together. Its editing capabilities are a bit limited, but it does more than enough for simpler projects.

Many universities and school districts provide software to employees and students for free. In most organizations, you should contact the IT department about software. In some larger school districts, curriculum departments can also provide software to meet educational needs. Often, one department may not know what other departments have, so don’t be afraid to inquire these various avenues within your school or organization.

There will be a learning curve with all software, but luckily you can find tutorials covering just about any process in any software online. Not all advice from tutorials works in all situations equally well. You will need to experiment with the platform to find how it best works for you. Keep it simple and experiment with one or two elements at a time.

Start with small improvements, which will lead to noticeable changes down the road. Like with anything else, discovery and proficiency will come after slow and consistent practice.

READ: Home Studio Troubleshooting Tips, Part 2: Computer and Software

2. Treat Your Recording Space

Many homemade recordings are subpar, which makes understanding their content difficult. Sometimes the audio is too quiet or too noisy. Frequently, the audio sound is boxy, devoid of the dynamics and tone that reflects the actual playing. Most of the time, these issues are because the room creates acoustic problems for the microphone. Thankfully, the solutions are quick and inexpensive.

The most common reasons for bad audio on recordings are the hard surfaces in a room that reflect sound waves, which can fill the room with additional sound that detracts from audio clarity. Flat surfaces can reflect sound waves directly back toward their source, amplifying the issue. Two parallel flat surfaces like the walls of a typical room can ruin your recording. The sound waves bounce back and forth like a ping pong ball across your microphone, which creates harshness, “boxiness” or distortion. Any device that can auto adjust volume levels, sometimes known as auto-leveling, will try to account for this extra sound by adjusting the sensitivity of the recording. Instead of an overall harsher sound, auto-leveling can result in flattened dynamics and a lifeless tone.

set up for video taping with blankets on rolling whiteboards and gong racksYou can negate some of the effects of the hard surfaces in your recording space by placing soft surfaces in front of them (see photo to the right). This is called “treating the room.” These soft surfaces absorb some of the sound waves instead of reflecting them. Where you place the soft surfaces can increase their effect. You can purchase a reflection filter that isolates the preferred sound and minimizes the sound of the room. However, a do-it-yourself, economic alternative is to throw blankets over something tall like an extended cymbal stand or large gong rack. To be most effective, these soft surfaces should be placed either directly behind the microphone or directly in line with where the microphone is pointed, such as behind the performer. Even placing the recording device in front of couch pillows or a towel-draped music stand can go a long way.

Also, try to find ways to break up parallel surfaces. With hard surfaces facing a variety of directions, the sound waves are reflected at more angles. This is known as acoustic diffusion and can be used to create resonance without overloading your microphone. Bookshelves are an easy and cheap way to do — and most people already have them in their home. See NPR’s Tiny Desk Concerts Tiny Desk Concerts for a great use of bookshelves as acoustic diffusers.

READ: Better Monitoring for Better Mixes

3. Use More Space

The size of your recording room contributes greatly to what you can achieve in terms of recording quality. Smaller rooms can be problematic because the walls are closer to the instrument, microphone and each other. This close proximity can exacerbate the negative effects of those walls. It’s also easier to over play the room because it contains less air and gives the sound less space to develop. It’s possible to achieve high-quality results in a small space, but it requires more equipment and skill.

Microphone placement is critical in achieving effective recordings, and a larger room gives you more options of where to place your microphones. Generally speaking, more space leads to a more successful recording.

4. Location of Your Recording Device

The closer the microphone is to the instrument, the stronger the signal. Too close, and you can overload the microphone, leading to distortion or compression from auto-leveling. Too far, and the microphone won’t pick up enough sound to generate a good recording. Also, as the microphone gets farther from the instrument, the room’s acoustics become a larger part of your recording. You need to find the sweet spot that allows for a great instrument sound, but this sweet spot will change based on the microphone and the room.

In the band room at the University of Kentucky, for example, a good snare drum sound can be achieved with a distance of about 6 to 7 feet between the instrument and the microphone when using large diaphragm condenser or laptop microphones. However, with a handheld recording device equipped with small diaphragm condenser microphones, 4 to 5 feet (or four floor tiles) works better. You will need to experiment to find the distances at which your devices provide the optimal audio for different instruments.

Each instrument projects in a unique manner. Timpani and acoustic keyboards can really benefit from being recorded from above, while the snare drum and trumpet often sound better with the microphone lower and farther away. In addition to distance, don’t be afraid to experiment with the height of the device to record the best sound.

READ: How to Place and Use Microphones Correctly

5. Gain and How to Use It

Recording with a dedicated video recorder or using a microphone will allow you to adjust gain settings, which controls how much sound will be picked up by the device. If gain is too high, you’ll be able to hear unwanted sounds, such as HVAC systems, lights, pedal movements from a keyboard instrument or even people talking outside the room. When gain is too high, it also runs the risk of overloading a microphone, causing distortion.

If gain is too low, the microphone won’t pick up the full tone of an instrument, and you won’t hear as much detail. As of a rule of thumb, louder environments and instruments require lower gain settings. Find the sweet spot by playing the loudest and softest points of a piece, then listen back for the desired tone quality at both levels. When assessing the play back, use headphones to hear details. The speaker on your recording device will not be able to reproduce all the frequencies that were recorded. Headphones allow you to isolate any issues.

Gain and the distance of the microphone from the sound source work in tandem. The farther the microphone is positioned from the instrument, the higher your gain settings will need to be. Every situation requires a unique combination of gain and microphone distance.

Many smartphones and tablets do not give you the ability to access the gain settings. Instead, newer models often have very active auto-leveling, which has led to a huge increase in the quality of audio recordings. Athough these automatic adjustments provide decent-sounding audio, they can lead to inaccurate recording. The device may automatically adjust the gain setting to prevent overloading the microphone, which means the dynamic range of the recording will be altered and misrepresented. The device may also be engaged in dynamic range compression, which adjusts the recording so the quietest and loudest moments fit within a desired volume range. Dynamic range compression can alter the tone quality of the instrument. These automatic adjustments do not render the recordings they make useless. But both instructor and student must be aware of these effects.

READ: Get Ready, Get Set…Mix!

6. The Direction Your Microphone Faces

It is important to know where your device is capturing sound. If you’re using a phone, is the microphone on the front, back, bottom or side of the device? If you’re using a video camera, is the mic on the front? If using a microphone, is it a side or top address mic?

This information is crucial to avoid poor sound quality. For example, if the microphone is on the screen-side of a phone or tablet you are using to record, know that your microphone is likely pointed in the opposite direction of your phone’s best camera. This means you may be inadvertently recording the sound that bounces off the wall behind the camera rather than recording the instrument directly.

7. Video Tips

set up for video taping with blankets on rolling whiteboards and using natural light from windowsWith recording devices becoming more and more automated, obtaining good video is increasingly easy. Nearly all current smart phones are capable of producing semi-professional-level videos and are becoming the camera of choice for those on a budget. However, the recording device can only do so much. You can help make your recording better by giving it good, quality light and good placement compared to its subject matter.

Your camera needs light the way a microphone needs sound. Too much and the images become washed out. Not enough and you lose details, and the images become dark. The angle of the light matters as well. Ambient light is good but supplement it with additional light placed behind and to the side of the camera so that the subject is illuminated more on one side than the other. This can be accomplished by setting the camera in a place that allows a window to supply that extra light.

The quality of the light also matters. Some incandescent light bulbs have a yellow light that can distort the color of the video, which in turn can detract from the clarity of the image. Any attempt by the camera to correct for this color imbalance can lead to reduced clarity as well. With LED lights becoming more common, artificial light is more white — similar to sunlight — and will not negatively affect the color of the image. When in doubt, a window can be a great solution for adding additional light when recording during the day (see photo above).

percussionist playing in front of dark blanket to create contrast Also, consider what needs to be in the frame. Think of all the elements of your students’ performance that you observe when you teach them in person. Ask your students to do their best to include those elements in the recording — and you must do the same. For example, you will need to see their hands, arms and upper body for just about any instrument. Wind players will need to include their face as well. Asking them to film themselves in front of a solid color that contrasts with their skin tone can lead to clearer images and make up for poor lighting situations. I frequently record myself in front of a black sheet of fleece that acts both as a sound dampener as well as color contrast (see photo to the left).

8. File Sharing

Audio and video files can be extremely large. This makes them hard to store and share, and slow to download. Email attachments have a relatively low size range, making many media files too large to email. Uploading files to a cloud storage system, such as Google Drive or Dropbox, is ideal.  Using cloud storage gives multiple people access to files without having to send an actual copy of it through email or transfer it on a flash drive, leading to smoother and quicker access to the files you need.

However, cloud storage services limit how much space you can use. Large files can consume your allotted space quickly if not monitored. Large files also take longer to upload and download.

You and your students must keep file sizes under control. Many devices produce audio and video files in an uncompressed form, such as .wav or .aiff, which can be compressed into a .mp3 or .mp4 file to save space. Agreeing as a studio or class to use specific file formats can help ensure file sizes remain reasonable.

Another reason to agree on specific files formats is the use of restricted file formats, like .mov or .wma. Some of these restricted files can’t be played with the default media player that comes with your device. Converting these file types to a universal format can also be difficult. Again, agreeing as a class to only use specific file formats, such as the universal .mp3 or .mp4, will ensure that your virtual lessons go smoothly.

Rather than sharing actual files and worrying about file formats, students and teachers could use a video-hosting site like YouTube or Vimeo. These sites can provide the smoothest way to share files as the users only need to share a URL. The hosting site takes care of all other details, such as file formatting. However, these services can be a bit tedious to use on the back end of the program with their settings, forms and processing time.

Only you and your students can establish what is best for your class. Agreeing to a set procedure for sharing files limits the amount of “lost” files due to using too many services and methods.

Next Steps

As recording becomes a larger part of what music educators and students do, you may want to take the experiences you’ve developed and take them to the next level. Consider buying a recording bundle consisting of a stand-alone microphone, which can increase the accuracy of your recording sound, and an audio interface, which transfers what the microphone catches onto your computer. Alongside your phone’s video camera, you can have increased control over the sound of your recordings.

There are many brands and types of microphones. Generally speaking, a cardioid condenser microphone is best for ambient recording. Trust brand names because it is easy to obtain low-quality microphones from unknown companies.

Your microphones and interface must be paired with recording and video-editing software (see “1. Useful and Versatile Software” at the beginning of this article) to cut the audio and align it to the video. This is not a quick “shoot-and-send” method and involves a few more steps and considerations. However, it will produce higher quality videos and will be an invaluable skill for our evolving industry.

Please keep in mind that the recording process can be confusing and frustrating. Keep seeking solutions. Experiment with room setup and device settings and keep looking for the best way to share your recordings. All this work will eventually lead to a smoother virtual experience as we strive to refine our virtual instruction.

Using Subgroups

A subgroup, sometimes called an aux group, aux track, aux bus, sub bus or Group Channel, is an auxiliary channel in your DAW’s mixer to which you can route any number of tracks. Think of it as a temporary destination for the selected tracks before they’re sent on to the master output (also known as the stereo output, master bus, master track or 2-bus). Subgroups allow you to adjust the level of multiple tracks — without in any way altering their relative balance — with the touch of a single fader. What’s more, they enable you to apply processing to all these tracks simultaneously.

Ready to take a deep dive into how this all works? Read on.

Why Subgroup?

Subgroups have their origin in analog mixing consoles. Because they were hardware components built into the mixer, there would only ever be a fixed number of them available. Their implementation in today’s DAWs is much more flexible. You can create as many of them as you need, and you can even route one subgroup into another for additional control (more about this shortly).

Nonetheless, you should avoid creating a routing scheme that’s too complex. That would defeat the purpose. You want your subgroups to simplify your mix, not complicate it.

Creating Subgroups

Before getting into how to use subgroups, let’s look at how you create them. In Steinberg Cubase, you generate a subgroup (called a “Group Track”) by selecting the channels you want included in it, then right-clicking and choosing “Add Group Channel to selected channels”:

Screenshot showing user creating a group track in Cubase.
Creating a Group Track in Cubase.

There’s also a manual way to create a subgroup. This simple two-step process should work in any DAW:

1. Create an auxiliary channel (a “Group Channel” in Cubase). Give it a short descriptive name that will be readable on a single channel of your DAW’s mixer. (If it’s too long, the name will be truncated and hard to read.) For example, if you’re creating a subgroup for drums, you could name it something like “Drum Grp” or “Drum Sub.”

2. Change the output routing of each track that you want included the subgroup, so that instead of it going to the master output (or wherever it is currently routed), its destination is the input of the subgroup you just created.

Now, when you hit play on your DAW’s transport, the audio from the tracks you assigned will go to the subgroup instead of the master output. In most DAWs, the subgroup’s output will automatically be routed to the master output, although you can usually change that if you want to send it somewhere else (for example, to another subgroup).

A screenshot showing the output indicators.
The outputs of the circled vocal tracks are routed to the “BG VX” subgroup.

Using Subgroups

Now let’s look at some examples of how to use subgroups, starting with their most common application. Imagine you have a project with multiple tracks of drums, and you’ve adjusted the volumes of each individual track to get the overall balance you want. But after adding in other mix elements, you find that the entire kit needs to come down in volume. Sure, you could bring down each fader individually while trying to maintain the balance, but, believe me, that’s a tricky process. However, if those tracks are routed to a drum subgroup, you can easily alter the overall drum level with a single fader, leaving the overall balance unchanged.

Screenshots showing the lever before and after moving it.
Moving a subgroup fader doesn’t affect the balance of the tracks assigned to it.

Or let’s say you have a number of background vocal tracks that you want to EQ and compress. Rather than inserting individual EQ and compressor plug-ins on each track, you could send them all to a subgroup, insert an EQ and a compressor on just that one channel, and process them all together. Not only will you save time, but you’ll use way fewer plug-ins, which conserves CPU resources.

As shown in the illustration below, a technique I like to use when mixing is to create one subgroup for all the vocals (which I call “Vocal Sub”) and another one for all the instruments (“Inst Sub”). If I have multiple drum tracks, I might also create a subgroup for them (called “Drum Sub”) that is routed into the Instruments subgroup. Similarly, if I have several background vocals, I might make a subgroup for them (“BG VX Sub”) and route its output to the Vocals subgroup. This allows me to easily alter the balance between vocals and instruments (and also have control over drums and background vocals on one fader each), which is something I often end up doing in a mix. This is something that would take a lot longer if I had to move each individual fader!

A schematic showing subgroup routing for a mix.
My typical subgroup routing during a mix.

VCA OK?

When you change levels with subgroup faders, there is one potential problem: If you send audio from any of the individual tracks in the subgroup to an aux effect (an “FX Channel” in Cubase) and lower or raise the subgroup fader, it changes the relationship between the volume of the tracks and the volume of the effects. The lower you move the subgroup fader, the higher the ratio of the processed-to-dry signal and vice-versa. In other words, moving the subgroup fader will change your effects balance. As a result, you may need to readjust the output levels on your FX Channels or the levels of the effects sends on the individual tracks to compensate.

One way around this is to assign a VCA fader to the target tracks instead of creating a subgroup. VCA stands for Voltage Controlled Amplifier, which is a type of analog amplifier. In a DAW, a VCA is a control that allows you to simultaneously adjust selected tracks for level, muting and soloing. Unlike a subgroup channel, no audio passes through a VCA.

A before and after set of screenshots showing what happens when the VCA fader moves the faders of the tracks.
A VCA fader moves the faders of the tracks assigned to it.

If you were to grab several channel faders and move them simultaneously and identically, you’d be doing the same thing a VCA does. Because it’s only moving individual channel faders, it doesn’t affect the wet/dry balance with any aux effects like a subgroup fader does.

Each DAW that implements VCAs has its own method for creating and assigning tracks to them. In Cubase, it’s a simple matter of selecting the tracks to be controlled, right-clicking and choosing “Add VCA Fader to Selected Channels”:

Screenshot showing dropdown list for a user creating a VCA Fader in Cubase.
Creating a VCA Fader in Cubase.

The downside of a VCA fader is that it doesn’t allow you to add processing to the selected tracks the way a subgroup does. It is possible to create subgroups to process multiple tracks simultaneously, as well as VCAs to control the tracks’ volumes, but that might be excessive, depending on the situation and your computer’s resources.

As you can see, subgroups help you keep your mixes organized and efficient. If you haven’t incorporated them into your mixing workflow, you’re missing out on a powerful tool!

For more information about using subgroups in live sound, check out this article.

Check out our other Recording Basics postings.

 

Click here for more information about Steinberg Cubase.

The History of Musical Genres, Part 4: R&B and Soul

For nearly a century, rhythm and blues (R&B) and its later offspring, soul, have provided a soundtrack for the everyday hardships and joys of life in the American experience. In this article, we’ll explore the roots of these genres, and take a look at some of the most influential R&B and soul artists of all time.

The Rise of R&B

Famed record producer Jerry Wexler is credited with coining the name “rhythm and blues” as a marketing device in the late 1940s. R&B is part of the larger continuum of Black music created in America and flows from the convergence of blues, big band swing, and gospel. The development of the genre and the growth of its popularity coincided with the second migration of African Americans from the south and rural areas to large cities like Chicago and New York following World War II.

One of the genre’s earliest practitioners, bandleader and saxophonist Louis Jordan — who also co-composed the 1944 hit song “Is You Is or Is You Ain’t My Baby” — used elements that would come to define R&B. These included the shuffle rhythm, boogie-woogie bass lines, and short horn patterns or riffs. “The songs featured the use of African American vernacular, humor and vocal call-and-response sections between Jordan and the band,” wrote ethnomusicologist Mark Puryear in a 2016 story in Smithsonian Magazine.

In the 1960s, the sound of R&B was largely influenced by Motown, the legendary Detroit-based record company started by songwriter/producer Berry Gordy Jr. Its roster of artists included dozens of legendary performers whose music would resonate for generations, such as Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson, Stevie Wonder, Diana Ross and the Supremes, Martha and the Vandellas, the Commodores, and, later, the Jackson 5. Many of Motown’s hits were penned by the songwriting team of Holland-Dozier-Holland (brothers Brian and Eddie Holland, and Lamont Dozier), including “Heat Wave,” “Baby Love” and “How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You).” The skill of the backing musicians on Motown recordings — including drummer Benny Benjamin and the legendary bassist James Jamerson — also played a large role in shaping the sound and “feel” of R&B.

Even in a record company loaded with superstars and future hall of famers, there are standouts. Gordy once called Marvin Gaye “the truest artist I’ve ever known. And probably the toughest.” More than just an expressive R&B crooner with an astounding four-octave range, Gaye also penned his own songs. “Rarely has a musician had as great an impact on American culture as music legend Marvin Gaye,” said CBS News’ Rome Neal in a 2004 story about the singer’s lasting influence. In 2016, Gaye was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, who noted that he had “helped to shape R&B for a generation.” The honor came not only for Gaye’s own work — hits like “What’s Going On” and “I Heard It Through the Grapevine” — but also for songs written for his peers, such as “Dancing in the Street” for Martha and the Vandellas.

Another artist/songwriter who was crucial in the development of the so-called “Motown sound” was Smokey Robinson, the soulful leader of the vocal group known as the Miracles. During his decades-long career, Robinson wrote more than 1,000 songs, including “The Tracks Of My Tears,” “My Guy” (a hit for Mary Wells), and “The Way You Do the Things You Do,” popularized by the Temptations.

Stevie Wonder, who turned 70 this year, started his career with Motown at age 11, wowing audiences with his vocals and harmonica skills on the hit song “Fingertips – Pt. 2.” As the former child star matured, his skills expanded to synthesizers, drum machines and samplers. These modalities played a large role during what some refer to as Wonder’s classical period, which began in 1972 with the albums Music of My Mind and Talking Book, followed by Innervisions a year later, Fulfillingness’ First Finale in 1974 and Songs in the Key of Life in 1976. “What Stevie symbolized, especially during that time, is a fullness of the black experience,” said Zandria Robinson, professor of African American studies at Georgetown University, in a recent story for theundefeated.com. “Stevie is the black documentarian of the 1970s.”

Soul Men (and Women)

Sometime in the 1950s and early 1960s there was a co-mingling of R&B, gospel and jazz that led to the creation of soul. “When those three styles collided, soul’s big bang occurred,” said music writer Lois Wilson in a Telegraph article entitled “Life and Soul.” “Ray Charles and Sam Cooke laid the groundwork,” she says, “secularizing the sanctified with effusive vocal, stirring lyrics and deep rhythmic feeling: Ray with 1954’s “I Got A Woman,” Sam with 1957’s “You Send Me.”

At times, soul can sound a lot like R&B, but the genre’s best performers use the power and dexterity of their voice to tell their stories. Think of Aretha Franklin’s wail or the crooning of Al Green. The power of their storytelling lies in the subtleties of their vocals.

Like many Black artists, Sam Cooke honed his skills in the choir loft. He would later sing lead for the Soul Stirrers, a popular gospel quartet in the late 1940s. But Cooke was destined for bigger things and left the group in 1957 to pursue a path in secular music. He wrote (or co-wrote) many of the songs he sang, and also served as a mentor to other artists, jump-starting the careers of Billy Preston, Bobby Womack and Lou Rawls by helping them transition from the church to the bandstand. “What made brother Sam Cooke so special is he would stand flat-footed and kill you with one song,” said legendary singer James Brown in an interview with Dick Clark on the TV show American Bandstand. “If I had half the voice that Sam had, I would quit dancing.”

Ray Charles may have left us over a decade ago, but our musical memories keep him alive. “So much so that it’s a challenge to think of anyone else who ever performed such songs as “Georgia On My Mind,” “What’d I Say” and “You Don’t Know Me,” wrote Owen Edwards in Smithsonian Magazine. “Brother Ray” might often perform other genres of music, but no matter the tune, he was always singing soul. He also knew how to manipulate his voice to convey the feeling of the lyrics. “He could belt like a blues shouter and croon like a pop singer,” wrote Jon Pareles and Bernard Weinraub in their 2004 Ray Charles obituary in the New York Times, “and he used the flaws and breaks in his voice to illuminate emotional paradoxes. Even in his early years, he sounded like a voice of experience, someone who had seen all the hopes and follies of humanity.”

And then there’s the Queen of Soul: Aretha Franklin. Franklin’s instrument — her remarkable voice — made her much larger than the soul genre that so often defined her. The daughter of a Baptist minister, Franklin began her career as a child singing in church, but embarked on a secular career at the age of 18, finding acclaim and commercial success after signing with Atlantic Records in 1966. The label was also home to the aforementioned Jerry Wexler, who would produce both Franklin’s signature song “Respect” (written by fellow soul singer Otis Redding) and her 1967 mega-hit “(You Make Me Feel) Like a Natural Woman.” The impact Aretha Franklin had was lasting and profound, not just on her peers but on scores of R&B singers to follow — Natalie Cole, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey and Alicia Keys among them.

Without R&B, there would be no soul music … and without the inspiration of jazz and gospel, there would be neither. Fortunately for us all, the convergence of these many different genres gave birth to music that will live on forever.

 

Check out the other articles in our “History of Musical Genres” series.

Chuck Leavell: A Life In Music and Conservation

Mention the name Chuck Leavell to a knowledgeable music fan and you’re likely to hear about a first-call keyboardist who’s played with a dizzying list of famous artists over more than 50 years, including stints with the Allman Brothers, the Rolling Stones, Dr. John, the Black Crowes, Train and John Mayer. Mention the name Chuck Leavell to people in the field of environmental conservation and they’ll probably identify him as a leading American authority on land management, founder of the Mother Nature Network website (now Treehugger.com), author of three books about sustainable forestry and the 1999 winner of the National Outstanding Tree Farmers of the Year Award from the American Tree Farm System, as well as one of only three recipients of an Honorary Forest Ranger award from the U.S. Forest Service.

Here’s the catch: Those two Chuck Leavells are actually one and the same person.

The Tree Man

Intrigued? You can find out much more in the recent documentary film by director Allen Farst, Chuck Leavell: The Tree Man, which explores the piano virtuoso’s fascinating dual life. Interviews with colleagues and pals like Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Dickey Betts, Eric Clapton and David Gilmour are a big draw, but arguably more memorable — in part because they’re so unexpected — are the sequences that capture Leavell surveying and working the land on the 4,000-acre estate in Twiggs County, Georgia, that he manages with his wife of 47 years, Rose Lane.

Chuck Leavell riding horse through wooded area.

“I’m equally as passionate about doing that work as I am about working in music,” Leavell says over the phone from his home in Savannah, “and I feel blessed in both regards. One of the things that makes it interesting for me is that [forestry] is 180 degrees different in terms of careers and what it takes. You know, when we’re out rockin’ and rollin’ — and boy, do I miss it! — it’s an electric atmosphere. Big cities, big crowds, travel, travel, travel. And then when I get home and I hear the sound of the wind through the pines and leaves crunching under my feet rather than honk-honk, beep-beep and everything that goes on in the city, it really provides a fantastic balance for me.”

Leavell’s second career began in 1981, when his wife inherited a 1,200-acre plot of land from her grandmother. Rose Lane’s family has farmed and logged in the area for more than 200 years, and had bought this particular plot in the 1930s. “I took it very seriously,” he remembers, “that this was now our responsibility, to carry on a heritage of stewardship that her family had begun generations back. And I just felt a real need to educate myself, to learn as much as I could, and to be hands-on — not just pass it off to consultants or advisers but to get my hands dirty, to learn what it’s like to be a forester.”

A Journey of Self-Education

Some of that learning came via various in-laws, who were of course highly familiar with the land. And the more Leavell learned, the more interested he became, and the more he wanted to learn. “When I went on my self-education journey, the first thing I did was go to the library and check out books on land use,” he notes. “I went to government sources, which were quite good. What’s now called the NRCS, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, had great pamphlets about forestry. I went to meetings and seminars, I went to other landowners and asked questions.” He even took a forestry correspondence course in 1988, while on the road with the Fabulous Thunderbirds.

Chuck Leavell on a tractor.

What he has learned is fascinating. “Trees communicate with each other, largely underground through their root systems,” he states. “Trees help each other when they feel one is distressed for one reason or another; perhaps in a drought year they try to share moisture with those that are ‘underprivileged.’ I think the science is there [to support that].”

The Impact of Climate Change

More than three decades since he began educating himself, the central challenges Leavell faces as a forester aren’t the same as they were in the ’80s. “Climate change has affected weather patterns everywhere, and certainly here in the Southeast,” he says. “In the last five or six years, we’ve broken records for triple-digit days and days of 90 degrees [Fahrenheit] and above. We had a drought in 2019, and this year, thank heaven, we’ve made up for some of that, but the bottom line is that there is no more ‘normal’ anymore that I can see. Typical amounts of rainfall per year or temperature range within a season — those rules have just been broken.”

Leavell urges that more people become what he has evolved into: an active advocate for the environment, though he acknowledges that he can’t always keep his career as “tree man” and his music career completely separate from one another. When he’s on the road, he says, “I’m always thinking, ‘Did we get enough rain this week? Have I lost any trees due to lightning strikes? Did that last storm knock anything down?’ I regularly call our caretaker and ask him for the latest report. These issues are constantly on my mind while I’m out touring.”

The Influence on His Music

Beyond this, Leavell feels that his life with trees has strongly influenced his life in music. “Being in the woods and working the land has a very calming effect on one’s psyche,” he notes, “and that transfers to when we’re on the big stage or in some other pressure situation. Rather than let myself get anxious when certain things go wrong, that calming effect of the forest allows me to take a deep breath and not panic.

“The other thing is, forestry is a slow-motion process. It takes a long time to grow that tree from a seedling and to manage a forest properly. It takes a lot of observation and a lot of patience, and that rolls over into my musical world as well: to not get in too big of a hurry, to think things through, to look at all angles of a song or a recording or a set list. When I’m out riding through our land, I’m saying, ‘Is this tract overcrowded? Is it conducive to wildlife? What does it need?’ And that thought process carries over to music. When I’m learning a new song for an artist, I’m asking myself, ‘What does this song want me to do?’”

Chuck Leavell sitting on piano in field.

Like Chuck Leavell, Yamaha has a deep commitment to sustainability. Read more here.

Photographs ©2020 Allen Farst.

 

Click here to watch “Chuck Leavell: The Tree Man.”

Check out this related blog article: “A Commitment to Conservation.”

How to Install In-Ceiling Speakers

Finding a spot in your room for a pair of speakers can be difficult. Another challenge is that some speakers do not distribute sound evenly. For these reasons, in-ceiling speakers often provide the best solution.

In this article, we’ll show you everything you need to know to install a pair of in-ceiling speakers, using Yamaha NS-IC800s as an example. These speakers provide rich sound with excellent dispersion to fill your room with high-quality audio.

First, gather the tools you will need:

– Ladder

– Floor covering / tarp

– Stud finder

– Drywall saw

– Blue painter’s tape

– Measuring tape

– Pencil

– Wire stripper

– Screwdriver

Now you’re ready to get started! Simply follow these steps:

1. Plan your placement. Your in-ceiling speakers should be central to the room, and they should also be oriented with your furniture or prime listening spot so that the left and right speakers are actually to the right and left of where you will be sitting. You will also probably want to align the speakers with other ceiling elements (like recessed lighting fixtures) so there is a visual sense of symmetry.

2. Mark your locations. Locate your ceiling joists with a stud finder and mark them with blue tape so that you can properly align the speaker opening between the joists. Measure your distances from the other ceiling elements for alignment purposes. A good rule of thumb is to keep the speakers about eight feet apart or so. This will vary based on room size.

3. Use your template. A nice feature of the Yamaha NS-IC800 is that it includes a template that is the exact opening size you will need to cut. If you’re using a different make or model of in-ceiling speaker, you can create a similar kind of template with a piece of stiff cardboard. Place the template on the ceiling and in alignment with your other ceiling devices, then trace around it with your pencil.

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4. Cut your openings. Once you have your opening marked out, grab your drywall saw and get to work. Keep in mind that you are going to make an enormous amount of dust, so be sure to protect your floors before you start cutting those holes.

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5. Run your wires. Now that you have your openings cut, this is the perfect time to run wire back to your amp or AV receiver. Take advantage of your attic space if there is one over the room. Hopefully you are connecting to a receiver like the stellar Yamaha RX-V6A, which has a handy “Zone 2” feature that lets you fill an additional room with sound.

6. Make your connections. With your amp or receiver turned off, strip the conductors of your speaker cable and connect them to the speakers before you install them in the ceiling. Only expose enough copper to fit in the terminals. Any additional exposed copper leaves you susceptible to creating an electrical short and potentially damaging the amplifier.

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7. Install your speakers. With your speaker wires firmly in place, place the speaker into the opening and use a manual screwdriver to tighten the screws. (I recommend a manual screwdriver so that you don’t run the risk of over-tightening and damaging the drywall.) The Yamaha NS-IC800s have dogleg brackets that will grab the inside of the drywall and allow you to clamp the speaker in place by simply tightening the screws.

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8. Put on the finishing touches. Now that the speakers are in place, add the finishing touch by putting on the magnetic grills. While you are still on the ladder, clean off any fingerprints that you may have left on the grills.

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9. Turn the receiver on and enjoy your music! Here’s what the finished installation should look like:

Installed in-ceiling speaker to the right and left of a lighted ceiling fan.
All photographs courtesy of the author.

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha NS-IC800 in-ceiling speakers.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha RX-V6A AV receiver.

David Kahne

Meet David Kahne, a multifaceted record producer, musician and composer who has worked with Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, Billy Joel, Kelly Clarkson, the Bangles, Sugar Ray, Fishbone, Sublime and Tony Bennett, among others. Kahne uses Steinberg Cubase and Nuendo software to compose and mix, and in this video, shot at New York’s Flux Studios, he explains why.

“I have a 38.2 [channel] surround room here,” he says, “It gets pretty complicated! So it’s great having Nuendo. I can load up matrixes upon matrixes and then easily render them, plus all the plug-ins are multichannel and surround-ready.”

“I started using Cubase when the Nuendo audio engine [was integrated into it],” he continues. “I use it more for recording because the MIDI functionality is perfect.” Kahne is a particular fan of the Cubase Delay Compensation feature. “When I’ve got several plug-ins running, normally I would think I’d have some kind of phase problem because of latency, [but with Cubase] it’s not there. When I ping out to a piece of external gear and back in, it figures out the latency and [the signal is] in phase.”

Kahne’s scoring setup is extremely sophisticated, with video running simultaneously on multiple networked computers and audio routed via MADI into summing amplifiers. This lets him access his wide array of analog audio gear directly, in real time, with immediate recalls. “For scoring, I would [normally] start with Cubase for the composition,” he says, “and then as the production went on I would switch to Nuendo. It’s really nice to [be able to] go back and forth between the two.” While he relies on Nuendo for surround productions, Kahne does, however, generally prefer to mix in Cubase. “It’s because of the way I have Cubase routed to all of my analog gear, so it’s faster,” he explains.

“The audio engine is why I switched to Steinberg DAWs,” Kahne says. “The frequencies were more clear, and the EQs — I was actually EQing the frequency that it said I was, with no phase problems. It was really a revelation.”

Coming soon: Ian Kirkpatrick

Check out our other Steinberg Stories.

 

Click here to learn more about Steinberg Cubase.

Click here to learn more about Steinberg Nuendo.

Here are the New Peter Hook and Billy Sheehan Signature Basses

If you’re anything like me, your heart skips a beat whenever you hear about a new bass. Truth be told, some manufacturers get inordinately worked up over vanilla variations of the same old theme. But there are times when the introduction of a new bass is actually something worthy of getting frothy over.

Such is the case with two recent product announcements from Yamaha. These aren’t just any basses, mind you — they’re a duo of limited-run high-end instruments released within weeks of one another: the BBPH Peter Hook Signature and the Billy Sheehan Attitude 30th Anniversary. This is truly a big deal! Let’s take a closer look at each.

BBPH Peter Hook Signature

Peter Hook with BBP bass.

If ever there’s been someone deserving of his own custom instrument, it’s Peter Hook, the renowned “lead bassist” for Joy Division and New Order. Recognized as a true innovator by peers and fans alike, Hook’s tone is synonymous with upper-register grooves and swirling melody lines. Interestingly, it’s something he gravitated towards out of necessity — simply to be heard — but it’s a sound that went on to become his own. It not only drew the spotlight to him, it also influenced a generation of bassists. You know, typical bass hero stuff …

Peter Hook electric bass guitar with maroon finish.

What’s particularly interesting about the evolution of Hook’s sound and style is that he was lucky enough to hone it on an instrument whose design couldn’t have been more conducive to what it would become. Hook’s first bass, a Yamaha BB600, was stolen during an early U.S. tour, but its replacement — a Yamaha BB1200S — proved to be a match made in heaven. The neck-through design and slim profile of the BB1200S felt custom-built for Hook, and its reversed split coil pickups accentuated his melodic lines and trebly double-stops. In recent years, the more modern Yamaha BB734A, with its bolt-on neck and extremely versatile active tone circuitry, started working its way into Hook’s arsenal. So when Yamaha approached him about creating his own bass, he thought long and hard about the qualities and characteristics he valued most in both basses. The BBPH Peter Hook Signature bass represents the perfect amalgamation of all of them.

Like the BB1200S, the BBPH features reversed split single coil pickups (these ones are VSP7n Alnico V pickups). The reverse design means that the traditional location of each half coil is swapped: the half dedicated to the D and G strings is closer to the neck, and the half dedicated to the E and A strings is closer to the bridge. This results in a sweeter, rounder sound for notes played on the two higher strings, and tighter lows for the two lower strings.

The BBPH draws on the BB734A, incorporating switchable active/passive three-band equalization, as well as a six-bolt mitred neck joint rather than a neck-through design. Two of those bolts connect at a 45-degree angle, which helps deliver the hallmark strength and solidity that Hook liked in the BB1200S neck-through design and also draws out extra brightness and snap from the upper mids and highs.

When it comes to construction and looks, the BBPH cuts no corners. It melds an alder/maple/alder body with a five-piece neck constructed from maple and mahogany, along with a rosewood fingerboard. The bass is finished in a sexy maroon finish (with a matching, autographed headstock), and comes appointed with lightweight open-gear tuners and a Vintage Plus bridge that gives you the flexibility of convertible stringing (top-loaded or through-body, depending on your taste).

Billy Sheehan Attitude 30th Anniversary

Billy Sheehan with Signature 30th Anniversary bass.

Billy Sheehan is a master bassist whose monstrous shredding style and boundary-busting experimentalism are well known … but perhaps less known is his expertise as an innovative designer. To celebrate the longstanding collaboration between Sheehan and Yamaha for the past 30 years, they worked in tandem to create the Attitude 30th Anniversary — a limited run of 30 basses made in honor of the auspicious milestone.

The Attitude 30th honors all of the defining characteristics of the heavily modified and customized bass (“the Wife”) that originally inspired the line of Sheehan Signature basses, and it spares nothing to effectively tweak out the absolute best performance features, design tolerances and flawless aesthetics.

If you’re lucky enough to get your hands on one, you’ll immediately notice the beautiful sunburst finish — just like the original finish on his legendary customized bass, except without the scars — dressed up with a four-ply tortoise pickguard and nickel-plated hardware. You’ll also recognize the maple neck and maple fingerboard with its upper-register scallops. Like the original, the neck is bolt-on, designed to maintain the integrity of that body-neck connection in spite of the aggressive thrashing that Sheehan inflicts on his basses every time he takes the stage.

And then there are all the modernized features that bring the Attitude 30th firmly into the 21st century, such as a DiMarzio® Woofer pickup in the neck position and DiMarzio Will Power™ split pickups in the middle position, along with dual outputs to enable true separation and finer articulation of the signals coming from each pickup (this also makes it easy for you to bi-amp the signal if you desire). As if that isn’t enough, each bass comes with a sturdy hard-shell case and a numbered certificate of authenticity signed by Sheehan, as well as a signed second pickguard.

Billy Sheehan Attitude 30th Anniversary electric bass guitar with sunburst finish.

These are product announcements worth getting excited over, with both instruments incorporating innovative design and quality control at its finest. If you’re serious about bass, you owe it to yourself to check them out!

 

Click here for more information about the BBPH Peter Hook Signature bass.

Click here for more information about the Billy Sheehan Attitude 30th Anniversary bass.

Letter to Myself: Jeffrey Grogan

Yamaha Master Educator Jeffrey Grogan is Professor of Music and Director of Orchestral Activities at Oklahoma City University. He is also Artistic Director and Conductor of the Oklahoma Youth Orchestras.

Below, he pens a letter to his younger self, sharing advice, anecdotes and inspiration for a fulfilling career in music education.

 

Dear Younger Jeffrey:

I know how nervous and excited you are as you embark on your first day as a music educator. Let me assure you, the journey will be fun and rewarding, full of ups and downs. The highs will keep you motivated and inspired. You will work with tens of thousands of talented students, and you will feel the biggest rush when you perform together in concert halls all over the world.

The lows will be few and far between. Don’t be discouraged by them — instead, have fun figuring out how to overcome and solve these obstacles.

Jeffrey Grogan ConductingBe ready for anything, and I mean anything — even a terrible pandemic that shuts down schools across the country! The silver lining is that you will invent new ways for your students to learn and grow without actually being together in person. You’ll digitally host famous performers and artists who will engage your students in conversations. You will work together with your friends and colleagues to create a new teaching paradigm using smaller groups and exploring some of the greatest music ever written.

During the last 25 years as a music educator, I have learned so much about myself. Here are some invaluable tips — things I wish I had known on Day 1.

Find a few good mentors, people you respect and can rely on to tell you the truth. Ask them a lot of questions because figuring out what you don’t know is the key. Trust me, you don’t have all the answers … and seeking out new ideas is a never-ending quest!

I know you like to “fix” things during rehearsals, but inspired students possess superhuman skills. Always keep them inspired, and you’ll find that you have less to fix!

You will be tempted to let the importance of the final product outweigh the process. Don’t let that happen! Always keep the reasons you became a musician and educator at the center of everything you do. Pass along this love of music to your students.

Record your rehearsals. Though potentially painful to experience, you will learn so much about yourself and your students. Recording will be easy in the future — everyone will have portable phones that have video cameras! With the phone, you can send messages and check your emails, like having a computer that fits in the palm of your hand. By the way, you’re going to love these things called emoji.

But most importantly, your students and the people you meet and work with over the years will bring you indescribable joy. They will keep you going through the tough times and will enrich your life beyond measure.

Love everyone!

Jeffrey in 2020

Photo by Fred Stucker

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Fix It: Trombone Teaching Tips

What makes the trombone special? The sound of the trombone is one of the most profound and glorious of the brass family.

Domingo Pagliuca of Boston Brass playing the tromboneAs composer Hector Berlioz said, “The trombone is the true head of the family of wind instruments … it has all the serious and powerful tones of sublime musical poetry, from religious, calm and imposing accents to savage, orgiastic outburst.”

How to Fix Lack of Air Stream/Direction
How to Fix Syncing Movement Between Slide and Articulation
How to Fix Posture When Sitting in the Ensemble

Throughout my years as a professional player and teacher, countless people have asked me why I chose to play the trombone. My father played the trombone and was the principal trombonist of the Venezuela Symphony Orchestra. I remember going with him to orchestra rehearsals and recording session of all sorts. But when I started in the music world at 7 or 8 years old, my first instrument was the violin. I guess I was too small to hold the trombone, but I loved the way it sounded and listened to my dad practice and play in all kinds of ensembles. When I was 9, I started playing the trumpet, but the trumpet and I didn’t get along even though I liked the instrument deeply — and still do. It wasn’t until I was 12 that I was able to finally switch to the trombone. At that moment, I found my true passion for the instrument and music making.

By traveling around the world, I have observed common problems and mistakes that trombone students make. And I want to help them approach, deal with and ultimately solve these problems.

Fix It: Lack of Air Stream/Direction

When I get to work with students alone or as a member of Boston Brass, the main issue I encounter is the improper use of air when students play the trombone. Students always struggle with how to properly and efficiently use air.

It is vital to emphasize to students that breathing is a natural process, and it is the main resource they need to play the trombone. It is this breathing-as-second-nature process that helps the lips vibrate in order to produce sound. The vibration of the lips is created by the air stream that goes through the small aperture of their lips. This is what we call sound. Students cannot recognize good sound if they are not using proper and efficient air.

I always say that the trombone is the expansion of the human voice because it has the same register as the tenor voice. In order to make music, we need to “sing” through our instruments, and that is why it is so important to have proper and efficient air.

THE YSL-350C TROMBONE: Built for your beginning students!

The “Breathing Gym” process — created by the late great Boston Brass tubist Sam Pilafian and renowned tubist Patrick Sheridan — is the perfect approach to help students focus their breathing and be aware of how air needs to be used. Teachers must emphasize the similarity between musicians blowing air through their instruments and singers using air to make their vocal cords vibrate to sing.

Use the “Breathing Gym” daily as a tool to identify, process and deliver how to use air. This will definitely help students focus on how to properly create a nice sound and blow enough steady air to play one note or a set of notes with one continued air stream.

It is imperative to have students not only hear phrases, melodies or parts in their minds, but also to sing them before they even play them on the trombone.

They should listen to as much music, including singers, as they can. This is key to develop this concept of singing through our instruments. Just like Frank Sinatra said, “It was my idea to make my voice work in the same way as a trombone or violin — not sounding like them, but ‘playing’ the voice like those instruments.”

Fix It: Syncing Movement Between Slide and Articulation

three students playing the tromboneAnother big issue for trombone students is syncing between the slide and the articulation when they play. What makes the trombone unique compared to other brass instruments is how it changes notes or pitch. You change notes on trumpets, French horns and tubas by pressing a key or valve. Trombonists have to deal with a slide to change notes, and we also need to match articulation and phrasing with the other instruments. In many cases, the slide movement is late or slow as players go from one note to the other, or they stop the air (note) to move the slide to reach the next pitch. Either scenario is a big mistake.

To address this issue, begin by focusing on playing notes with no articulation. I play the first note using my tongue to have a clean start; the next notes will be played with just the slide movement and no articulation.

Students should metronomes and their tuners at all times. (I recommend the TonalEnergry Tuner and Metronome app).  It is very important to breathe (as explained in the “Air Stream/Direction” section above) and play in time.

Another exercise to help with syncing movement between the slide and articulation is to play scales (quarter notes, 68-70bpm), making sure that your students move exactly on time for each note, not before. Focus on having that pitch change on top of the beat so that the note they are playing will sound longer to the next one. Make sure that students are relaxed so when they move their arms to change pitch, the instrument doesn’t move. The more you emphasize this, the better your students will sound, and they will be more aware of what happens when they do it wrong.

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Fix It: Posture when Sitting in the Ensemble

winds ensemble with one student playing the tromboneStudents with bad posture in band/ensembles may not seem like a big issue, but it is. Posture affects breathing and sound.

If we don’t breathe properly (again, going back to “Air Stream/Direction”), we won’t produce good sound. If we don’t breathe efficiently, we won’t have endurance. If we don’t sit properly, we won’t be able to breathe or even hold our trombone correctly.

Proper posture allows our bodies to be balanced and relaxed. First, make sure students are seated with their feet flat on the floor. Their knees should be directly over their ankles. Both hip bones should be grounded to the chair. Most importantly, students should be seated at the front edge of their chairs — their backs should be away from the back of the chair so they can feel the curve of their spines. With that back arch, they can feel how much air fills their lungs when they breathe.

To show students the difference in breathing, have them breathe deeply while sitting with their backs against the back of the chair. Then have them sit at the front edge of the chair and breathe deeply again. Tell students to use their hands to feel the arch of their backs and have them listen to the sounds of their breathing.

Also, sitting at the back of the chair results in an unbalanced posture, forcing students to point their bell/sound to the ground, which makes it more difficult to move the slide.

As teachers, you will always have some students who need to be guided and told what to do and how to practice routine exercises and warmups. But the students who are invested in their musical education are the ones who will motivate you to do all you can to make them better musicians. Just give them the tools they need to be fired up, and they will spread their drive, attitude and enthusiasm to the other members of the ensemble.

As I’ve stated before, one of my main recommendations to teachers, students and avid instrumentalists is to listen to music — not just the music related to your instrument, but music in general. You are going to be as good as your ears are. The more you hear, the better musician and artist you will be.

Playing By Ear, Part 1

There are plenty of musicians who don’t read music. Instead, they are able to quickly pick up songs by listening to them. The Beatles are a good example. They showed each other their new tunes by simply playing them repeatedly, and it seems to have worked out pretty well for them!

There are also several well-known jazz musicians who only played by ear, including pianist Erroll Garner and guitarist Wes Montgomery, to name just two. Mind you, I’m not trying to make a case for not learning to read music — I think it’s an essential skill for all musicians. But I also feel that learning to play by ear is an equally important, if not more important aspect of musicianship to develop, regardless of how well you can read.

The good news is that playing by ear is a skill that can be learned, with an analytical approach and a lot of practice. In this two-part series, I’ll show you how.

Mastering the Melody

Start by listening to the song over and over until it becomes familiar to you. As you do so, try to sing along with the melody. It doesn’t matter how well you sing; this is a great first step before you even touch your keyboard. After you get comfortable with the song, focus on just the first note. After listening to it a few times, stop playback at exactly that moment so that the sound of that note “hangs” in the air. Now try singing it. When you feel you’re correctly singing that first note, try to find it on your keyboard. There are only 12 different notes in Western music, so it shouldn’t be too hard! If you’re having difficulty finding that first note on your keyboard, try to analyze why. Is the note you’re singing higher, or lower than the note you’re playing? Does it seem close, or far away? Thinking about what you’re hearing is a much better approach than just randomly poking away at notes.

Once you’ve found the opening note, you are on your way to picking out the rest of the first melodic phrase. The overall approach is similar — again, singing the part can be helpful — but try to hear the melody line in these terms: Does the melody move up, or down, and when does that change? Does it move through notes that are close to one another, or does it seem to jump further afield? These two aspects (direction and distance) will help guide you throughout the process. Once you’ve figured out the direction in which it moves, you can look for which note it moves to. This is achieved through a technique commonly known as ear training (actually, it’s training your brain, but we won’t quibble over semantics).

Ear training is all about learning to recognize melodic intervals — that is, the distance between two notes. One of the best ways to accomplish this is to use familiar songs to associate with each of these distances/intervals. This will help you to quickly hear (and therefore find) the notes in a melodic phrase.

In music theory, intervals are described by the number of half-steps (i.e., semitones) each note is from the preceding note. Here’s a list of some of the most common musical associations used, along with audio clips to demonstrate how they sound:

– Because it’s the smallest interval possible on the piano, the first is the half step/minor 2nd. The iconic cue in the movie “Jaws” that signalled that a shark was nearby works well to demonstrate this:

Musical notation.
Musical annotation.

– The whole step/major 2nd (2 semitones away) has many possible references: “Happy Birthday” is probably the most well-known:

Musical annotation.

– The minor 3rd is 3 semi-tones away and is famous as being the lead-in to a lullaby:

Musical annotation.

– The major 3rd is four semi-tones away, and should be very familiar as part of the sound of a major triad:

– The interval called a perfect 4th is five semitones away and will be instantly familiar to anyone who’s ever attended a wedding:

Musical annotation.

– The next larger interval is the raised 4th (also called a tritone), which is 6 semitones away:

Musical annotation.

– You’ll find a perfect 5th located 7 semitones away—an interval that will be recognizable to fans of sci-fi movies everywhere:

Musical annotation.

– The minor 6th is 8 semitones away:

Musical annotation.

– … and the major 6th is 9 semitones away and is used in two iconic melodies:

Musical annotation.

– Next up is the minor 7th, which is 10 semitones away:

Musical annotation.

– The major seventh is 11 semitones away:

Musical annotation.

– And the last interval you need to train your ear/brain to recognize is the octave, which goes from one note to the next instance of that same note, 12 semitones away:

Musical annotation.

Whew! And we’re not done: You should also study these intervals moving downward as well as upward. Same principle — find a song to associate with each movement to get it in your ear and brain. If the above references don’t work for you, find your own (click here for some YouTube suggestions). It doesn’t matter what the actual song reference is — what’s important is that it is familiar to you and helps you to quickly recognize these interval jumps.

You can even turn ear training into a two-person game: One person plays a note on the keyboard, announces what it is, and then plays a second note; the other person guesses what the interval and second note is. There are also many online ear training exercises that can help you work on your pitch and interval recognition.

In Part 2, we’ll talk about using technology to learn both the notes and the chords to a song.

All audio played on a Yamaha P-515.

 

Check out our other Well-Rounded Keyboardist postings.

Click here for more information about Yamaha keyboard instruments.

How to Burn-In Headphones and Earbuds

As any personal trainer will tell you, running long distances without stretching first is risky business. You could pull a muscle, or worse.

The same logic applies to audio gear. Have you ever put on a set of headphones and wondered why you weren’t hearing everything with absolute clarity? Maybe the percussive rattle of a tambourine is absent, or the vibrating thumpiness of an upright bass is a little lackluster. Sure, it may depend on the quality of the headphones, but best to reserve your judgement until you give them enough playtime to reach their maximum potential.

The good news is that there’s a way to accelerate this process. It’s called burn-in.

Why Do A Burn-In?

While not a requirement, burning-in your headphones or earbuds will help provide an optimal listening experience. Here’s why. Each individual headphone/earbud within a pair consists of an outer shell, magnet, diaphragm and coil. These internal components make up something called a driver, which is what produces the sound that is sent into your ear canal.

These drivers (sometimes known as transducers) are the same as what you find in speakers, only smaller. Their function is to take electrical energy and transform it into kinetic energy via the cone (or dome) of the speaker they are attached to. There are two connection points: the “Surround,” which attaches the frame of the driver to the cone, and the “Spider,” which is the flexible part underneath the cone that keeps the coil centered in the magnet structure. Once those two connection points are burned-in, they loosen and allow the driver to move in and out more freely. The audio quality will likely be noticeably better once the burn-in process is complete, though the improvement is generally gradual.

How to Do a Burn-In

There are two accepted methods of burning-in headphones or earbuds. Both involve sending audio to them for an extended period, with the optimal time frame being 40 hours of continuous play. The two methods are:

1. Use a burn-in playlist of music and noise tracks in various frequency ranges from highest to lowest. These are available from a number of websites, including Spotify®.

2. Use loops of different noises and frequencies via a “burn-in disc” or online white noise playlist. One such product that we recommend is CASCADE Noise from TARA Labs, which can be played back from their website free of charge, or from the embedded video at the end of this article. (Be sure to read the instructions at the start of the video for proper safety measures and execution of the burn-in.)

Once you have your burn-in audio at hand, make sure your headphones are charged (if wireless), then connect your headphones or earbuds to the computer or mobile device that will be doing the playback. Caution: Burning-in your headphones or earbuds should always be done at a moderate volume or you run the risk of damaging or destroying the drivers. And don’t listen to your headphones or earbuds while the burn-in file is playing. It won’t sound very pleasant, and it’s not good for your hearing health.

As we mentioned, the total recommended burn-in time is 40 hours, but you can do this in multiple four- to five-hour sessions (while you sleep, for example) so you can enjoy listening to music in-between.

Once you complete your burn-in, we suggest listening to some test tracks, such as the Yamaha “New to high-res audio?” playlist on Qobuz. You’ll find that after you’ve “stretched” (burned-in) your headphones or earbuds properly, you’ll be able to “run” (listen) to any kind of music or podcast with full audio fidelity!

Photo courtesy of @nitagill

 

Check out these related blog articles:

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Listening Care

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Advanced ANC

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Listening Optimizer

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Ambient Sound

aptX™: The Next Level of Bluetooth® Audio

 

Click here to learn more about Yamaha True Wireless earbuds.

Click here to learn more about Yamaha noise-cancelling headphones.

40 under 40 2021

2021 Yamaha “40 Under 40” — Celebrating Excellence in Music Education

Yamaha launched the “40 Under 40” music education advocacy program to celebrate and recognize outstanding music educators who are making a difference by growing and strengthening their music programs. Their students range from transitional kindergarteners to college undergrads at public, private and charter schools, as well as private music students. Their programs are small and large, brand new and with storied histories.  

In the fall of 2020, we asked for nominations of music educators under the age of 40 who showcased the following characteristics: action (anticipate what needs to be done and proactively take the necessary steps that lead to a stronger music program), courage (propose and implement new or bold ideas), creativity (show innovation and imagination in achieving plans and objectives) and growth (establish, grow or improve music education in their schools and communities). 

We received hundreds of nominations from students, parents, other teachers and administrators, local instrument dealers and mentors.

The selected “40 Under 40” educators below have gone above and beyond to elevate music and music-making in their students’ lives — like Jason Sleppy, who secured the use of Lucas Oil Stadium during the pandemic so his students could have an end-of-year performance; Willie Garfield, who started his music education career as a teenager; Jennifer Antonetti, who created an app to help music educators keep track of inventory, student information and more; Eric Jimenez, who launched a podcast about urban music education; and Michael Gamon, who created a role-playing game complete with set pieces and a website to engage his violin students. 

We are inspired and in awe of this inaugural class of “40 Under 40” educators.

** NOTE: Sign up for the Yamaha Educator Newsletter to stay informed about the “40 Under 40” program as well as other music education advocacy news and information from Yamaha. 

Meet the 2024 “40 Under 40” Educators

Meet the 2023 “40 Under 40” Educators

Meet the 2022 “40 Under 40” Educators

Christine Adelmann

Christine Adelmann

Band Director
Gompers Junior High School
Joliet, Illinois

Read more

Javier Alcántara-Rojas

Javier Alcántara-Rojas

Director of GREAT Academy,
Director of Instrumental Music
Granite Hills High School
Apple Valley, California

Read more

Jennifer Antonetti

Jennifer Antonetti

Instrumental Music Teacher
Topeka High School,
Robinson Middle School,
Meadows Elementary School
Topeka, Kansas

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David Bechard

David Bechard

Director of Instrumental Music
Wahlert Catholic High School
Dubuque, Iowa

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Jenn Bock

Jenn Bock

Assistant Band Director,
Marching Band Director
Highland High School
Gilbert, Arizona

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Erin Busch

Erin Busch

Executive Director
Young Women Composers
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Jacob Campos

Jacob Campos

Director of Bands
Franklin High School
Franklin, Tennessee

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Kevin Cooley

Kevin Cooley

High School Band, AP Music Theory and Digital Audio Production Instructor
Platteville High School
Platteville, Wisconsin

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Megan Cooney

Megan Cooney

Director of Athletic Bands,
Associate Director of Bands
St. Ambrose University
Davenport, Iowa

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Lydia Cox

Lydia Cox

Chorus and Digital Music Teacher
Crosby Middle School
Louisville, Kentucky

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Tiffany Cox

Tiffany Cox

Director of Bands
Lake Worth Community High School
Lake Worth Beach, Florida

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Christopher DiMassimo

Christopher DiMassimo

Assistant Director of Bands, Guitar Teacher
Rachel Carson Middle School
Herndon, Virginia

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Carmen Fields

Carmen Fields

Choir and General Music Teacher
Edgewood Middle School
Trenton, Ohio

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Michael Gamon

Michael Gamon

Fine and Performing Arts Chair,
Center for Creative Arts Director
Harrisburg Academy
Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania

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Willie Garfield

Willie Garfield

CEO
Garfield Institute of Music
Memphis, Tennessee

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Andrew Gibb-Clark

Andrew Gibb-Clark

Director of Choral Activities,
Fine Arts Department Chair
Highland High School
Highland, Illinois

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David Irish

David Irish

Director of Orchestras,
Associate Director of Concert Bands
Palo Verde High School
Las Vegas, Nevada

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Eric Jimenez

Eric Jimenez

Assistant Director of Bands
Prairie View A&M University
Prairie View, Texas

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Chris Kaflik

Chris Kaflik

Director of Bands
Brownsburg High School
Brownsburg, Indiana

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Jarrett Lipman

Jarrett Lipman

Director of Bands
Claudia Taylor “Lady Bird” Johnson
High School
San Antonio, Texas

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Matthew Martindale

Matthew Martindale

Director of Bands
Shelby County High School and
Columbiana Middle School
Columbiana, Alabama

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David Matchim

David Matchim

Director of Bands
Centennial High School
Ellicott City, Maryland

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Matthew Moore

Matt Moore

Associate Band Director,
Director of Percussion
V.R. Eaton High School
Haslet, Texas

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Steve Moreland

Steve Moreland

Director of Fine Arts
St. Michael’s Catholic Academy
Austin, Texas

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Phil Nagy

Phil Nagy

Music Teacher
McVey Innovative Learning Center
(Part of Hilliard City Schools)
Hilliard, Ohio

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Becky Paschke

Becky Paschke

Instrumental Music Director
D’Evelyn Junior/Senior High School
Denver, Colorado

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Megan Sahely

Megan Sahely

Director of Orchestras
Leon High School and Raa Middle School
Tallahassee, Florida

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Doug Schaffer

Doug Schaffer

Director of Bands
Mark Twain Junior/Senior High School
Center, Missouri

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Jason Sleppy

Jason Sleppy

Band Director, Mason Middle School
Marching Band Director, Mason High School
Mason, Ohio

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Willie Snipes Jr.

Willie Snipes Jr.

Director of College Bands
Miles College
Fairfield, Alabama

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Don Stinson

Don Stinson

Director of Bands
Joliet Central High School
Joliet, Illinois

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Tyler Swick

Tyler Swick

Elementary Music Educator
Robert and Sandy Ellis Elementary School
Henderson, Nevada

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Brian Teed

Brian Teed

Director of Percussion,
Associate Director of Bands
Wakeland High School
Frisco, Texas

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Celina Velez

Celina Velez

Music Director
Cayuga Elementary School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Giselle Vento Banda

Giselle Vento Banda

Pre-K-5th Music Specialist
Parkdale Elementary School
Waco, Texas

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Vincent Vicchiariello

Vincent Vicchiariello

Director of Bands
Nutley High School
Nutley, New Jersey

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E.J. Villanueva

E.J. Villanueva

TK-4th General Music,
5th-6th Instrumental Music Teacher
Orange Grove Elementary School
Anaheim, California

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Tim Walck

Tim Walck

Director of Music, Yearbook Advisor
Austin Area School District
Austin, Pennsylvania

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Aaron Zeilinger

Aaron Zeilinger

Director of Instrumental Music
Orange Lutheran High School
Orange, California

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Cory Zilisch

Cory Zilisch

Director of Orchestras
Westport Middle School
Louisville, Kentucky

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Continue reading

Reset and Rethink New Year’s Resolutions

You’d be forgiven for thinking that making New Year’s resolutions is a recent phenomenon — perhaps started by some 1970s ad campaign. But no.

The first New Year’s resolutions were reportedly made 4,000 years ago by the ancient Babylonians. At an annual 12-day festival at the beginning of the year, they would pay off debts and return borrowed items, hoping to earn the favor of the gods. The ancient Romans also had a New Year’s tradition, where they offered sacrifices and promised good behavior. So, our modern habit of making resolutions has a long history.

Humans have an equally long history of failing to uphold those resolutions. According to U.S. News & World Report, 80% of New Year’s resolutions fail, and they fail fast — by the second week of February.

A Business Insider article states that people tend to fail at resolutions for several reasons. One, they set goals that aren’t specific like “eat healthier.” Two, their resolutions don’t sound particularly enjoyable. And three, they set goals that are more about societal expectations than what feels deeply personal.

With this in mind, here are some ways to make New Year’s resolutions that will resonate with you and help you actually achieve something awesome in 2021.

woman with eyes closed, holding headphones to her ears Reset 1: Make it Fun

Since you’re a music educator, how about setting an intention to create a monthly playlist? This could be songs that reflect your taste in pop music like a “Beatlemania” or “Boy Bands Forever” playlist. Or songs that match your current mood about social injustice or yearning to be outdoors.

What about a list to support your teaching goals, such as songs for groups, genres or timeframes you’ve been meaning to explore? To get you started, check out this Spotify playlist a teacher created to feel pumped up.

You can even involve your students in this exercise by asking them to create and share playlists based on a monthly theme. At the end of 2021, scan your playlists and compile the top 12 songs into a “Best Songs of the Year” mix.

decadent dessert -- brownie topped by ice cream and caramel drizzle Reset 2: Make it Decadent

What’s another step past fun? Total decadence.

Vow to create one utterly delicious new dessert each week. Or maybe you and your partner decide to curl up and do an at-home whisky tasting once a month, sipping spirits from various places around the world. Or indulge in screenings of classic movie musicals. Doesn’t that sound more inspiring than saying: “learn to cook, study geography and foster my passion for music?”

Reset 3: Think Quarterly

three small calendars showing one month each -- January, February and March

Try setting resolutions on a quarterly — rather than yearly — basis, a trick taught by happiness and habits expert Gretchen Rubin. She actually offers all sorts of ways of approaching resolutions, from forming a club with others to assessing your personality.

But for me, the best tip is to set quarterly goals. It’s much more tangible — and achievable — to decide, for example, that for Q1, my resolution is to work on my original music compositions for 20 minutes a day. Then for Q2, see how you’re feeling, reassess and set a new goal. With a year-long goal, the 12-month window creates a relaxed zone of “sometime soon” that can continually get pushed back and become “never.”

half apple smeared with peanut butterReset 4: Simple Swaps are Powerful

Remember, vague goals like “eat healthier” don’t tend to work well. But let’s say you’ve been having a daily Snickers every day after classes end. Swap the candy bar with a daily snack of peanut butter on an apple and you’re getting 4.4 grams of fiber in the apple and 1.9 grams in two tablespoons of peanut butter, racking up 6.3 grams out of the daily 30 grams that you should aim for, according to the Mayo Clinic. (Save the Snickers for a Friday treat, if you can’t live without it.)

view of a desk from above with computer monitor and stacks of papers

Reset 5: Take Tiny Steps

Vowing to get to know all your students better is a huge goal. Break that resolution down into break-out sessions — in person or virtually — with smaller groups of students, which will allow you to talk more with each student and get to know his or her strengths and goals.

On a personal level, decluttering your workspace can feel pretty overwhelming, but what if you commit to removing one item from either your home or school office every day, all year? Pretty soon, the piles of music, papers and files will be tamed.

By seeing New Year’s resolutions as ways to set goals and enrich your life, rather than trying to force change you’re really not interested in, you’re much more likely to succeed. So cheers to the fresh start, and let’s see what good things can happen in 2021.

Which Digital Piano Is Right for Me?

Which digital piano is best for you?

If this is a question you are asking of yourself, I’m guessing that you have already decided to purchase a digital piano, as opposed to the many other choices out there, including portable keyboards, acoustic pianos, and so-called “hybrid” pianos.

Ultimately, the decision as to which digital piano to purchase generally comes down to four basic factors: price, size, skill level and features. In this article, I’ll outline some considerations for each, and then conclude with a handy website link that will make the process of selecting the right digital piano even easier.

Before we dig in, however, let’s be clear about what makes an instrument a “digital piano.” The defining feature of a digital piano is that it has full-sized keys, and that those keys are fully weighted, like the keyboard of an acoustic piano. Piano teachers tend to recommend digital pianos to their students because this type of keyboard action is essential in developing proper technique.

Price

A digital piano immediately offers significant price savings over acoustic and hybrid options, because it does not need to be tuned or regulated — it’s essentially maintenance-free. That being said, digital pianos, like all other instruments, are available in a wide range of prices.

Yamaha offers four categories of digital pianos. Starting from the most inexpensive, they are:

P-series pianos

Portable Grands

Arius (Yamaha Digital Piano [YDP] series)

Clavinova (CLP, CSP and CVP series)

Your first task is to determine your budget, with the understanding that higher priced instruments often offer better piano sounds, higher quality speaker systems, more sounds to choose from, improved actions, and larger cabinets with more cabinet style options.

If budget is a major concern, the Yamaha P-series provides a great basic solution, with an impressive piano sound and touch for the price. Looking for something more full-featured and able to spend a little more? Consider a Portable Grand DGX instead. For just a little more money you may want to check out an Arius YDP, which looks more like an acoustic piano. Finally, there is the Clavinova series, voted by Time® Magazine as one of the world’s most influential musical “gadgets” of all time. If you want the very best in tone, touch, features and cabinet styles, this is the line for you, with a number of premium options.

In my experience, people often regret not buying the larger instrument they were considering, with a sort of a buyer’s remorse in reverse as they proceed on their musical journey. I think the reason is that the more you play, practice and listen, the more your “ear” improves over time. The piano that sounded superb when you purchased it a few years ago eventually starts to sound, well, not quite as good as you remember.

Size

When it comes to size, it really comes down to whether or not you are interested in a piece of furniture or not. YDP and Clavinova offer something that actually looks a lot like an acoustic piano in a variety of furniture style options. Clavinovas come in a whole range of sizes, from the small-sized CLP-735  to the top-of-the-line CLP-795GP, which looks like a miniature grand piano.

Keep in mind that all Yamaha digital pianos offer a full 88-note keyboard, same as a traditional piano. This means that the instrument’s width is not going to change significantly from model to model; you’ll find more diverse size variation in terms of the piano’s height and depth. The P-series, being the most portable of all the Yamaha options, can actually be tucked away in a closet when not in use. However, there’s a downside in that this can serve as a barrier to spontaneous play and practice — there’s less of a reminder when your passion isn’t right in front of you!

Skill Level

Your skill level is another important determining factor. A concert pianist or an Elton John is not going to be happy playing an entry-level digital piano. The reason is simple: Higher-end digital pianos provide the superior tone and touch that their skill requires. For one thing, such pianos often offer something called “string resonance” — a technology that simulates the harmonic resonance (a big factor in tonal quality) that skilled pianists get from their acoustic pianos. More advanced digital pianos also have a more realistic “feel” because they simulate the weighted action of an acoustic piano, complete with synthetic ivory, graded hammers and escapement (the part of the piano mechanism that enables a hammer to fall back as soon as it has struck the string).

One renowned educator has observed that, regardless of your skill level, “you can’t practice good tone into an inferior piano.” He goes on to pose the rhetorical question, “If you purchase a piano without good tone and touch, and you eventually get good, how will you know?” Wise words!

Features

This covers both the advanced piano technology we’ve already discussed (in terms of tone and touch, which may be of greater importance to skilled players), as well as other high-tech features that may be of interest for people at all skill levels.

For example, many digital pianos offer the ability to record and share your performances — some even include a microphone input to include your singing! Some allow you to play along with pre-recorded background arrangements, enabling you to sound like a complete orchestra as you play just the piano part. Some even allow you to control the “backup band” with the loudness or softness with which you play basic left-hand chord accompaniments.

Click here to visit a specially designed website that provides side-by-side descriptions of the four lines of Yamaha digital pianos discussed here. “Learn More” options provide detailed information for each, along with links to specific models that include photographs, features and specifications.

You’ll find that doing a little basic research will lead you to the best digital piano for you. And isn’t that what it’s all about?

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha digital pianos.

5 Positive Lessons from 2020

I’d like to share an uplifting collection of lessons that K-12 music educators have experienced during this tumultuous year, proving that even in chaos, the power and reach of music prevail!

1. A New Relationship with Technology

Mister Rogers was way ahead of us. He understood how to teach young people effectively and virtually — something we were forced to tackle in 2020. But remote teaching has its upsides. Teachers can better gauge students’ understanding of concepts because each student is seen in an equal space. Paradoxically, virtual teaching makes conversations more personal. The chat function engages more students because they often answer each other’s questions. And students who don’t like to speak up can enter a “safe zone” and directly “talk” to the teacher.

2. More Professional Development

Technology transcends geography, creating opportunities for educators to attend more conferences. With time and cost savings — as well as the ability to listen to all the sessions rather than choosing from the ones offered during the same time slots — comprehensive professional development is more within reach. In addition, music educators are creating a huge online community, sharing ideas and materials. The overall quality of music education will be positively impacted in the long term, and best practices will survive the pandemic.

3. Access to Artists

More guest artists can be brought into the classroom through virtual means, so students gain access to an increased number of experts. At one Nevada high school, the band students have been treated to guest speakers every week since distance learning began. That could never be accomplished via in-person teaching.

4. More Expressive Outlets

Some students have discovered that their creativity goes beyond playing music. Composing, arranging and creating videos have allowed students to enhance traditional music-making activities by finding their own voices.

5. New Opportunities for Student Leaders

Student leaders are rising to the occasion more than ever before. A choral director reported that her student leaders are “running our breakout room sectionals, creating remote spirit days, helping to produce our virtual performances, spreading positivity by weekly check-ins with their sections and setting the most positive examples for their peers.”

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

 

Best Holiday Movie Moments to Experience in Surround Sound

The holidays are a special time of year, and watching seasonal movies with your family can make them even more special. There’s no better way to enjoy a movie than in the comfort of your home, especially if you’ve got a large-screen TV and a surround sound system under the control of a full-featured AV receiver like the Yamaha RX-V2A or RX-V6A, both of which provide support for up to 7.2 channels of audio.

Here are some scenes from classic films that take advantage of surround sound to make the experience truly immersive. Time to grab a glass of eggnog and have some holiday fun!

Home Alone – Staircase Scene and Ensuing Chase

When two bumbling burglars (played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern) try to break into the home of Kevin, an eight year-old played by Maccaulay Culkin, they realize they picked the wrong place. Left alone by mistake over the holiday season as his family travels, Kevin goes into full defense mode against the crooks and delivers some serious payback when they try to go upstairs to get him. Afterwards, the chase is on but Kevin outwits them every time. Check out the staircase scene here and the chase scene here.

Gremlins – Gizmo to the Rescue

This classic originates from the folklore of mischievous creatures called “gremlins” that the British Royal Air Force attributed as being the cause of equipment failures during World War II. The premise of this film is that a boy receives a pet creature, called a mogwai, as a holiday gift from his dad and names it Gizmo. Unfortunately, it spawns and transforms its offshoots into tiny evil monsters that wreak havoc. In this scene, Gizmo (voiced by Howie Mandel) speeds around in a toy car as he takes on one of the gremlins as it tries to spawn more of his evil brethren in a water fountain. The full-on action soundtrack fills your surround speakers with exciting audio as the two creatures zip around and battle it out. Check it out here.

Love, Actually – Airport Scene

In this 2003 Golden Globe®-nominated romantic comedy, the ensemble cast presents ten different stories about ten aspects of love, many of which interlink their characters. With the likes of Hugh Grant, Liam Neeson, Billy Bob Thornton, Rowan Atkinson and Emma Thompson, the twists and turns are an adventure into seasonal fun. In this scene, Daniel (Liam Neeson) convinces his young stepson Sam to catch the girl he loves at the airport before she flies home for the holidays. Eluding security, Sam finally meets up with her right before she boards, leading to a classic warm-hearted cinematic moment. Check it out here.

The Polar Express – Back on Track

If you’re looking for a scene that will really make your surround speakers shine, check out this one from the beloved animated action adventure. Set on the night of Christmas Eve, a boy who is skeptical about Santa Claus ends up on the Polar Express train bound for the North Pole. The excitement builds as the train accelerates off the tracks into a frozen lake at high speeds and eventually finds its way back onto the rails with some help from the crew. Check it out here.

Elf – Buddy Discovers New York City

This one always puts a smile on my face! Here, a wide-eyed Buddy (Will Farrell) finds himself in the Big Apple experiencing a whole new world of sight and sound as the classic Louie Prima song “Pennies from Heaven” plays in the background, supplemented by a symphony of New York City street sounds. The combination of laughter and naivete is infectious as you watch Buddy hopping across the middle of a midtown street in sheer joy, or discovering himself in a revolving door and creating endless circles. Check it out here.

Soul

Disney and Pixar Animations Studios’ new feature film “Soul” has lots of great surround sound. The film introduces Joe Gardner, a middle school band teacher whose life hasn’t quite gone the way he expected. His true passion is playing jazz, and he’s good. But when he finds himself in another realm helping someone else find their passion, he discovers what it truly means to have soul. Check out the trailer here. Stream Disney & Pixar’s Soul on Disney+.

Die Hard – Rooftop Scene

In this classic 1988 action film, police detective John McClain (Bruce Willis) is visiting his estranged wife in Los Angeles over the holidays and somehow finds himself in the middle of a terrorist takeover of a skyscraper. This rooftop scene is full-tilt surround sound excitement as helicopters zoom by, with gunshots and explosions going off all around you. Check it out here.

Trading Places – I Can See!

This 1983 comedy tells the story of a commodities broker (Dan Akroyd) and a street hustler (Eddie Murphy) whose lives are unwittingly swapped in a high-level bet between two rich brothers made at a holiday party. In this hilarious scene, Murphy rolls down the street on a cart pretending to be a blind man begging for money when discovered by two street cops who call his bluff. Check it out here.

Krampus – Krampus Arrives

Does your family enjoy horror films? If so, they may want to check out this one, based on a Krampus, a character from Austro-Bavarian folklore who punishes those who have lost the holiday spirit. The action revolves around a dysfunctional family that gathers three days before Christmas and mocks one member over his belief in Santa Claus. In this scene, Krampus arrives on a snowy, stormy night to confront them, making his presence known with total sonic attitude! Check it out here.

Image of Soul courtesy of Disney.

 

Check out these related blog articles:

Five Reasons Why Home Theater is Better Than Going to the Movies

Top 10 Musical Scenes to Watch with a Home Theater

Scary In Surround Sound

Stranger Things: Top Ten Scenes from The Upside Down

These are the Best Pirate Scenes to Watch on Your Home Theater

May the Fourth Be With You: The Best Moments from the Star Wars™ Saga

 

Click here for more information about the Yamaha RX-V2A AV receiver.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha RX-V6A AV receiver.

Making the Perfect Creative Space

Do you remember being ordered to go to your room when you misbehaved as a child? You’d stomp down the hall in defiance at having been banished. The irony is, now that you’re grown up, you may have a different room (a studio, man/woman cave, sanctuary) that you can’t wait to get to because you do what you love best inside it: play music, write songs. And if you’ve decorated it with some awareness of what elements inspire you, you’ll probably thrive within it too.

Shortly after posting last month’s blog — a conversation with songstress Beth Nielsen Chapman — many readers wrote to me expressing their awe of Beth’s self-designed songwriting room, an extraordinary space that caters to her unique spirit and personal aesthetic.

String lights embrace her beloved baby grand. An abundance of mementos and baubles, all of which have meaning to her, are placed on surfaces everywhere. To the side of her ergonomically arranged recording set-up are cozy chairs and soft sofas into which anyone would feel comfortable sinking.

Beth’s home studio with pianos, keyboards, guitars and decorative string lights.
Beth in her creative space.

Of course, one of the limitations we face when considering our space is the real estate we’ve been allocated. Beth’s studio is spacious. It has all sorts of nooks and crannies and an angular ceiling that invites reciprocal lines below.

My space, on the other hand, is a 20′ x 12′ renovated one-car garage. No interesting lines anywhere. Still, I’ve done what I can to accommodate my process and encourage creativity. There’s a comfortable sofa on which to relax. Photos of my favorite people are positioned all around my desk. Gold and platinum records on the walls remind me of what I’ve accomplished. (This can be uplifting, especially on the occasions when self-doubt comes to visit … and, I assure you, it does.)

Purple futon couch with framed awards hanging on wall above it.
Awards on the wall and a comfy sofa can help both body and spirit.

On a side table are books that have motivated me throughout my life: Natalie Goldberg’s “Wild Mind.” Paulo Coelho’s “The Alchemist.” Rollo May’s “The Courage To Create.” They all come in handy when I need a jump start. Ruby, my Yamaha TransAcoustic guitar, is an arm’s length away from where I tap lyrics on a laptop, plus there’s a mic close by in case I want to capture a spontaneous melody and an upright piano on the opposite wall.

Speaker/mentor Elle Zimmerman, in an article about what makes her feel most productive, writes that lighting, smell, space and color “all affect how I feel and process. When these things are aligned, I’m most creative.” I concur. In fact, I have painted the walls of my room a soothing blue/gray and regularly burn geranium and lavender oil to promote optimum energy. I even had a dimmer switch installed so I can adjust the brightness of the overhead lighting, and the mood of with it.

Table with a basin with a bottle of essential oils and a candle. A Beatles' poster on the wall in the background.
All the senses are important, including smell!

I’ve also found that I’m much more clear-headed when my desk is tidy. In his online column Tips for Making a Writing Space That Fosters Creativity and Inspiration, writer Noah Rue states, “if there is less to fuss with, there is less time to be wasting that could be spent writing.” I couldn’t agree more.

That said, we all have different relationships with clutter. For instance, in my husband’s studio you’ll find piles of chord charts, random bowls of guitar picks, headphones, guitar straps, pop-filters and capos strewn about, plus a stray coffee mug here and there. Disorder makes him comfortable. Perhaps if his space were too tidy it would throw off his Ch’i.

On the opposite side of the spectrum are those who prefer a naked room with bare white walls and no furnishings except for a typewriter on a table. To each her own.

What’s in your space? Do you remember making conscious decisions about color and chaos? Is there something you could add (or remove) that would un-encumber your process? With us all spending more time at home, it’s a good opportunity to reassess and consider some creativity-inspiring Feng shui or Marie Condo.

But let’s not forget: Though a compatible work environment is important, it can only enhance what already lies within us. A true creative spirit is mobile — we take it with us wherever we go, be it our car, a plane, a hike, the supermarket, the shower, church.

As a songwriter who’s collaborated extensively and hopped from studio to studio over the years, I’ve enjoyed and have been inspired by all kinds of aesthetics. Each reveals something unique about my collaborator. In addition, unfamiliar focal points and objects of interest stimulate my brain and allow my mind to wander (and wonder). And that’s a good thing!

But when I come home, I want to return to the welcoming arms of my sanctuary. My personal Zen. No matter how small or symmetric, I’m grateful for a private universe that I depend on to receive me, comfort and nurture me and beckon my best work. A place where, as Brian Wilson famously wrote, “I can go and tell my secrets to.” A place where I feel safe. A place that allows me to cherish and appreciate the words Go To Your Room!

Woman with dark hair smiling at camera sitting behind a wooden desk with wall of shelving behind her full of books, pictures and albums. There is an acoustic guitar on a stand on her left.
Photos courtesy of the author.

 

Check out Shelly’s other postings.

Twin Lead Guitars

The blessing and curse for guitar players is that we have so many techniques and improvisational tools to choose from. Making a decision on what to play comes down to experience, taste and making sure we are honoring the song — and not ourselves — first.

When recording solos for my own projects, I tend to spend way too much time perfecting the nuances and second-guessing my decisions … that is, unless I have a deadline. When I work with a client or producer, I defer to them for choosing the final take, and when they’re happy, I lift the brush off the canvas and move on.

As many of you know, one of my favorite melodic devices is to create simple motifs (short melodic phrases) and develop them into a complete solo section. I often enhance those phrases with a close harmony part or two on top of the melody — the “twin lead” approach taken by so many great bands from the ’70s like the Allman Brothers, Boston and Thin Lizzy — to make the lines really stand out. This is also a great way to build a solo towards a natural crescendo.

Start with the Scale

The process of adding a harmony to a guitar solo is very much the same as adding one to a vocal line. To illustrate, let’s harmonize a C major scale, which consists of the following series of seven notes:

C    –    D    –    E    –    F    –    G    –    A    –    B    –    C

We build the first chord of this scale by stacking every other tone, as follows:

Root          Major Third     Perfect Fifth     Major Seventh
   –    D    –    E    –    F    –    G    –    A    –    B    –    C

We can play these four tones together as a Cmaj7 chord, or as separate tones played or sung by four musicians. Playing them as separate tones within the context of a melody will add texture and dynamic expression, as well as subtle pitch and phrasing variation between the four performances.

To hear how this works, take a listen to the audio clip below. I started by recording one octave of the C major scale. Then I played it again, this time going from the third note (E) up to the E an octave higher. Finally, I recorded both scales together. This produces close harmonies a third above the original scale tones, with a nice mixture of major and minor thirds within the seven tones.

You can continue building the harmony by adding a fifth above the original melody (this will be a third above the third). Simply play back your recording of the original C major scale along with the harmony part you just added. Then play the C major scale again directly over the other two melodies, this time starting on the fifth (G) up to the fifth an octave higher. As you can hear from this audio clip, the result is beautiful three-part harmony.

Now let’s discuss how to approach adding harmony to a lead guitar solo that contains non-linear scale tones — in other words, a real melody with a variety of intervals.

Move on to the Melody

To demonstrate how this works, let’s assume that the following series of C major scale tones are being used as an original melody:

A – C – D – E – F – G – E

To add a second lead guitar part above this melody, simply find the third (from the same scale) above each of the original tones, as follows:

A – C – D – E – F – G – E (original melody)
C – E – F – G – A – B – G (harmony in thirds above the melody)

You can then add another harmony part a fifth above the melody by starting it on the third above the third:

A – C – D – E – F – G – E (original melody)
C – E – F – G – A – B – G (harmony in thirds above the melody)
E – G – A – B – C – D – B (harmony in fifths above the melody)

If you analyze the stack of tones that result, you’ll find that they yield the following series of chords:

Am – C – Dm – Em – F – G – Em

Here’s what it sounds like:

I’ve restricted this to close harmonies to illustrate the concept, but you can of course further expand this into adding sixths, fourths, etc. as your harmonic knowledge and curiosity deepens. In the video below, you’ll hear me play a simple melody and then use each harmony part as its own melodic phrase. This is a great way to create new melodies!

Phrasing

When applying harmony parts, focus on precisely duplicating the phrasing from the original melody line. If you don’t use the same phrasing, your harmonies won’t sound locked-in and tight.

Since you want the harmony parts to be exact replicas of the melody from both a rhythmic and melodic standpoint, I’d advocate replicating the note durations and values too. If you bend any of the tones, try to articulate the bend in the harmony part to match the pitch and bend of the original part.

Oh, and here’s a mixing tip: If you play harmonies above the melody, the frequencies of those parts will be higher in pitch, and as a result will sound more pronounced. Consider mixing these parts slightly lower in volume to blend them into the main melody.

The Video

In this video, I play an original melody over a chord progression and then create new melodies from harmony parts, which are then stacked as twin (and, in some cases, three) lead guitar parts. I also break down the chords, describe how to find harmonies and talk about the Yamaha Mike Stern Signature guitar I’m playing:

The Guitar

The Yamaha PAC1611MS Mike Stern Signature Pacifica solid-body electric guitar.

The Yamaha PAC1611MS Mike Stern Signature Pacifica is a great-sounding single-cutaway solid-body electric with a scale length of 25-1/2″. It features a two-piece light ash body, a one-piece maple neck with 22 medium jumbo frets and a 7-1/4″ fretboard radius. (Click here for more information about these terms.) Its unique headstock features a bone nut, Gotoh tuners, Mike Stern’s signature and gorgeous abalone inlays.

Electric guitar headstock with Mike Stern’s signature and abalone inlays.

Both pickups are Seymour Duncan® humbuckers. There’s a ’59 PAF style in the neck position, which, in my opinion, creates some of the best guitar tones I’ve ever heard. The bridge pickup is a hot-rails humbucker with plenty of punch for rock and blues.

The Wrap-Up

Learning the fundamental aspects of harmony and theory from within major scale patterns will take you on a journey of discovery for both rhythm and lead guitar applications. Simple motif-based melodies can really shine when layered with one or two additional harmonies … and we can use those higher guitar parts as independent melodies within a solo too.

Photographs courtesy of the author.

 

Check out Robbie’s other postings.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha Mike Stern Signature Pacifica guitar.

The History of Musical Genres, Part 3: Country Music

Country music enjoys a long tradition of deft storytellers who capture the listener with well-spun narratives. Inspired by Appalachian folk and blues, the genre began to take shape in the early 1920s. As the art form matured, it would come to encompass other regional styles such as Western swing, honky tonk and rockabilly. In its early stages, instrumentation was limited to acoustic guitars, bass, banjo, fiddle and harmonica. Drums were initially omitted, but by the mid-1930s they were usually included in both recordings and live performances; by the 1950s, electric guitars became a mainstay as well.

Each genre has a core group of musicians who shape and define the best of its creative sensibilities. Let’s take a look at some of the most influential practitioners of country music.

Hank Williams

In his short 29 years, Hank Williams (1923-1953) played a seminal role in the development of the genre. In 2010, the Pulitzer Prize board honored Williams with a special citation, citing him for his “craftsmanship as a songwriter who expressed universal feelings with poignant simplicity and played a pivotal role in transforming country music into a major musical and cultural force in American life.”

A two-part 2002 story in CMT News recounts Williams’ last recording date at Castle Studios in Nashville on Sept. 23, 1952, where he laid down the tracks for four timeless country music standards, including the classic “Your Cheatin’ Heart.” Songwriter Merle Kilgore, who was present at the historic session, recalled that “Hank would say, ‘Everybody likes to feel sorry for themselves … You write ’em, sing ’em, and they say that’s the story of their lives.’”

Johnny Cash

Johnny Cash was a striking figure, both in appearance — always in black — and in performance, wielding his bass-baritone voice to deliver the subtleties of his lyrics. A story in the New York Times following his passing in 2003 noted that Cash “forged a lean, hard-bitten country-folk music that at its most powerful seemed to erase the lines between singing, storytelling and grueling life experience.” Some of his most popular tunes include “I Walk the Line,” “Ring of Fire,” and “Folsom Prison Blues,” which was originally recorded in 1956 but gained popularity after the release of a live recording of Cash performing the song at San Quentin Prison in 1968.

Merle Haggard

Interestingly, another future standard-bearer of the genre, Merle Haggard, was present in the audience that night … as an inmate. The encounter inspired him to pursue his own musical path. When Haggard was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1994, the organization said that he stood, “with the arguable exception of Hank Williams, as the single most influential singer-songwriter in country music history.” While country was Haggard’s main form of expression, he was also influenced by honky-tonk, blues, jazz, pop, and folk. His most popular tunes include “Workin’ Man Blues,” “I’m a Lonesome Fugitive” and “Natural High.” Drawing on the hardships of his own life, much of Haggard’s work focused on poverty and the difficulty of relationships.

Dolly Parton

Though, like most musical genres, country music has been traditionally dominated by male artists and songwriters, there have been a number of notable exceptions, Dolly Parton among them. The hugely successful and prolific singer/songwriter began her career in the late 1960s in Knoxville, Tennessee. In the ensuing decades, Parton’s creative output would have a profound effect on both country and pop music. Her song “I Will Always Love You,” as one example, was famously sung by Whitney Houston in 1992 for the soundtrack to the movie The Bodyguard. Parton’s classic hit “Jolene,” recorded in 1973, offers a dramatic faceoff between a spouse confronting a woman over a relationship with her husband. The song has been covered by more than 30 artists over the years, and in several languages around the world.

Garth Brooks

There are also moments when pivotal artists (such as Miles Davis in jazz or Jimi Hendrix in rock) expand the possibilities of their genre. In the 1990s, Garth Brooks pioneered a style called New Country that infused both the sound and performance values of country music with rock sensibilities. “[Brooks’] recordings featured more aggressive vocal performances, increased emphasis on drums and bass, plenty of rock-derived electric guitar solos, and more overt influences from gospel and R&B,” writes Jocelyn R. Neal in the Norton online essay Garth Brooks, New Country, and Rock’s Influence. This occurred at the same time that music videos started to become more sophisticated with globally oriented storylines and more choreography. This shift continued into the 2000s, drawing numerous rock musicians of the era to make country recordings. “In some instances,” notes Neal, “[they] even shifted their main musical identities to country.”

Country music has evolved to serve as a kind of musical unifier. Despite being nearly a hundred years old, it’s managed to remain dynamic and relevant, expanding its following by drawing fans of rockers and rappers to the fold while still retaining its traditional audience — a feat that few musical genres can claim!

 

Check out the other articles in our “History of Musical Genres” series.

Step Up to a Better Wind Instrument

Navigating the world of middle school, junior high or high school band can be tough for parents of young musicians — especially those of you who weren’t yourself an instrumentalist back in your glory days.

Instruments, reeds, strings, mallets, valve oil — there are many important things that school-aged band and orchestra members need in order to be successful. It goes without saying that having a quality, durable, well-made instrument is the foundation of a student’s success. So let’s take a look at five reasons why they may need to step up!

1. You’re still renting their first instrument

At first, renting is a great way to put off a purchase while you get a feel for whether or not your child is going to stick with it. But once you know he or she likes playing that not-quite-so-beautiful sounding saxophone (squeak! honk!), it will be a better long-term investment to own a quality intermediate level instrument that will hold its value.

2. They’re a couple years in and they still have their first instrument

If your child is dedicated and already has a year or two of experience, they are likely playing harder music or even competing with other students for chair placement. Like clothing, it is absolutely true that you can outgrow an entry-level instrument. Now that the squeaks and honks are rarer, a better instrument will greatly improve the quality of sound that can be produced and help your child learn faster!

3. That rockin’ horn from your glory days is now their main “axe”

Many parents who were in band when they were students still have — and treasure — their instrument. Sometimes an older instrument in good condition can make for a great starter horn and save some money on a rental. But it might be a good idea to retire that old classic back to a safe spot in the hallway closet for a few reasons, such as if it doesn’t have modern mechanics or if the pads aren’t in good condition — or if you just can’t bear the thought of them banging it on one more music stand!

4. There’s an audition coming up

A fun and unique challenge for your child can be competing for a spot in the district honor band. Or maybe they’re graduating soon and considering majoring in music in college (in which case, be sure to check out the Graduate to Yamaha rebate program). Continuing to improve at this age includes plenty of time in the practice room, but that’s just half of the equation. The other half is the instrument itself, and getting them a professional-level one to play will help them maximize their talent.

5. They need an instrument that offers all the bells and whistles

There are many instrument families where the more advanced models not only offer your student greater room to improve, but also additional features. For example, step-up model oboes have many optional keys that are important when playing advanced repertoire. Flutists will want a C# trill key and a B foot. Higher-end saxophones offer lacquer keys and a high F# key. Orchestral trombones will have an F-attachment and a larger bore size. French horn players will graduate from a single to a double horn.

In short, a better instrument can inspire your child to better develop their musical skills — and have more fun as they do so!

 

For more information about Yamaha wind instruments, click here.

Better Monitoring for Better Mixes, Part 2

Part 1 of this two-part article focused on choosing and positioning studio monitors for optimal results. Here in Part 2, we’ll offer some tips and techniques to help you monitor more effectively, even in a room with questionable acoustics.

Keep the Volume Down

It’s essential to keep your monitoring volume relatively low most of the time when mixing. You want to listen at a level that lets you hear everything comfortably, but isn’t consistently loud. This also reduces the reflections created within your listening room that can color what you hear.

If you’re not sure what the optimum level would be, you can purchase an SPL (Sound Pressure Level) meter or get a free (or very inexpensive) SPL app for your smartphone that will get you in the ballpark. You want to keep your settings below approximately 85dB (A-weighted) most of the time. That said, you should check your mix at louder volumes for short periods, especially if you think that’s how most people will listen to it.

Another problem with listening loud for too long is that it’s less efficient because it will more quickly bring on ear fatigue (sometimes referred to as “losing your ears”), and you’ll temporarily be less able to make accurate judgements. Not only that, listening at levels over 85dB SPL on a regular basis can damage your hearing over time.

Take Breaks

It’s also critical to take regular breaks during your mixing sessions to avoid ear fatigue and to regain the perspective that you can lose when concentrating on a single task for a long duration. Take a 10-minute break roughly every hour.

Get out of your studio if you can. Go for a walk or do something else to get your mind off the mix. If you feel like your ears still aren’t back to normal after the break, put off the rest of the session until the next day, if your schedule allows.

When you get back to the mix the following day, you’ll be surprised how much more you notice with fresh ears!

Save Incrementally

While this next tip isn’t strictly about monitoring, it’s directly related and very important. When a mix session runs too long, you not only get ear fatigue, but you lose perspective. When that happens, it’s all too easy to steer your mix off course inadvertently.

Because of those inevitable detours and the difficulty of knowing when you’ve passed the point of diminishing returns, it’s crucial to save your Project files incrementally. This refers to the practice of using “Save As…” instead of “Save,” then putting a successively higher version number in the file name every time you make a significant change to the mix (or even to just a single track within the mix). The idea is that if you do go off course and wreck your mix, you can backtrack to a point before the damage happened and start again by reopening that Project file.

Screenshot of project file showing "save as" option.
Incremental saving of Project files is critical.

Besides the song title and the incremented numbers, you might want to add a descriptive word in the file name like “Bass up 2dB” or “New reverb on vocal” for a little extra context if you have to backtrack.

Take Notes

When you do reopen a mix after recovering your objectivity, jot down notes about everything you hear that you want to correct as the song is playing. (In my experience, this is more efficient when done the old-fashioned way, with pen and paper; typing in comments on a computer or smart device tends to be much more time-consuming and distracting.) If there are more than a few things that need adjusting, it will be hard to remember them after the fact.

With that list in hand, you’ll be able to go through the mix methodically and correct all the spots where you noticed problems or issues — something that should get you a lot closer to the finish line.

Listen Everywhere

When you feel like you’ve finished your mix, bounce it down to a stereo MP3 and listen to it everywhere you can to see how it holds up. Listen on your home stereo system if you have one. Listen on earbuds. Listen on headphones. Listen at your friend’s house. If you have a car, listen on its sound system via your smartphone. (Like many people, I find my car to be the most revealing place to check a mix.) A well-balanced mix should sound good anywhere, so the more systems you check it on, the better.

Smart phone connected to car audio system.
Check your mix on every system you can.

If, after checking your mix on different systems, you notice that, though it sounded great in your studio, it sounds weird or out of balance everywhere else, the acoustics are likely contributing significantly to your problem — something we discussed in detail in Part 1. These acoustic anomalies are distorting your perception of frequency and thus causing you to over- or under-compensate. It’s often in the low frequencies where this is most problematic.

For example, if the bass sounds too quiet in your mixes when you listen outside of your studio, then your room is probably accentuating low frequencies too much. Because you’re hearing your mix with what sounds like sufficient bass, you’re not turning the bass or kick drum (or both) up enough.

If you’ve already positioned your monitors in the most advantageous spot you can (see Part 1), try the room compensation EQ on your monitors, if they offer such a feature. For example, Yamaha HS Series monitors provide a rear-panel switch to cut the lower midrange (at 500 Hz) by either 2dB or 4dB and another switch that cuts or boosts by 2dB in the treble range (at 2 kHz).

Room compensation EQ on Yamaha HS Series monitors.
Room compensation EQ on Yamaha HS Series monitors.

A/B Your Mix

Even if your acoustics are problematic, a technique called A/B referencing can help you make your mixes more balanced and accurate.

It works like this: When you’re pretty far along in your mix, compare it with a professionally mixed song you like, preferably in a similar style. If you can match, say, the bass levels and the vocal-to-instrument blend of your mix with that of the reference, you should be able to get an accurate balance of levels and frequency.

As you switch between the two, it’s crucial that you make all comparisons at the same volume level. Otherwise, your frequency perception will be inconsistent between your song (the “A”) and the reference (the “B”). That’s because our ears perceive frequency differently depending on the volume, and louder always sounds better because it accentuates the lows and highs more.

You can buy dedicated plug-ins for A/B referencing, but it’s not hard to do it yourself inside your DAW. The following method works in Steinberg Cubase and most other DAWs:

1. Import a reference file into your Project and mute its track.

2. Play your multitrack mix (A), and then press the solo button on the reference track (B). You should now hear B by itself.

3. To switch back to A, turn solo off (in some DAWs, you might have to press mute again).

4. Make sure that the volume is equal between A and B.

5. Use this technique to repeatedly switch back and forth between your mix and the reference as you compare the characteristics of the vocal level relative to the instruments, as well as the bass level, the drum level, the overall EQ, etc.

Screenshot of A/B referencing in Cubase.
A/B referencing in Cubase.

We’d all love to be able to mix in an acoustically treated, purpose-built studio. But for those of us who record at home, that’s rarely the reality. Yes, you have to work harder to mix in an imperfect space, but if you’re conscious of the issues you face, they are easily overcome.

Check out our other Recording Basics postings.

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha HS Series studio monitors.

Click here for more information about Steinberg Cubase.

How to Shop for a Surround Sound System

There’s nothing quite like the enveloping experience of a surround sound system. From virtual options offered by sound bars, to 5.1-channel discrete surround, all the way up to 11.2-channel systems, your home theater can be outfitted in a number of ways at a variety of price levels. Whether you choose to go with a single device or piece together a system component by component, the audio portion of your favorite blockbuster movies, sporting events, video games and hi-def concert videos will perfectly complement the visuals on your home theater screen. After all, good picture deserves equally good audio.

Let’s explore what you need to know when you start on your quest to give the gift of surround sound.

Sound Bars with Surround Capabilities

The simplest and least expensive way to surround sound is to purchase a sound bar that offers virtual and/or 3D surround options such as DTS® Virtual:X™,  DTS:X™ or Dolby Atmos®, all of which simulate sound effects that seem to move around you — even with a sense of height. Sound bars are relatively inexpensive and since they can be mounted on the wall or placed by your television, they take up very little space. Connectivity is easy too: All you need is a standard HDMI cable to hook up the sound bar directly to your TV. (Just make sure it supports the Audio Return Channel (ARC) feature. If not, you can also connect the sound bar via an optical cable.)

If you need an entry-level model and have limited space for surround sound, the Yamaha SR-C20A compact sound bar is a great option. At just 23″ long, the SR-C20A offers Dolby® 2D virtual surround sound, a built-in subwoofer and four surround modes to fit any mood and genre.

The Yamaha YAS-109 also provides an easy way to improve your sonic experience. It has Alexa built-in, along with subwoofers for deep bass, plus the ability to create virtual surround sound via DTS Virtual:X.

Black sound bar.
Yamaha YAS-109.

A big fan of low-end? Consider the Yamaha YAS-209. At 36″ long and with many of the same features as the YAS-109, this sound bar / wireless subwoofer combo helps boost your bass in pivotal action scenes, with the added benefit of placement versatility for the sub.

To take the sound bar experience a step further, check out the Yamaha MusicCast BAR 400. Like the YAS-209, it provides support for DTS Virtual:X as well as Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, Airplay 2® and Spotify Connect, plus voice control via Alexa and Google Assistant devices or Siri® via AirPlay 2. It includes a wireless subwoofer and because it’s part of the MusicCast family, you can easily create a 5.1-channel home theater by adding a pair of Yamaha MusicCast 20 or MusicCast 50 wireless speakers.

Sound Bar with Wireless Subwoofer.
Yamaha MusicCast BAR 400.

Individual Components

If you’re shopping for a true audio connoisseur, you’ll probably want to purchase individual components so they can create their own custom surround sound system. This isn’t nearly as daunting as it may seem. (There’s a wealth of information on the subject online, and right here on the Yamaha blog: Check out the article “Home Theater Basics” or the four-part “Home Theater on a Budget” series.) The heart of any such system is an AV receiver, and the good news is that most of today’s receivers can output at least a 5.1-channel signal consisting of front left, center and right speakers, plus rear left and right speakers, along with a subwoofer (that’s the “.1” channel, which consists of low frequencies only).

A great example of an entry-level AV receiver is the Yamaha RX-V4A. It has a sleek, modern design and an abundance of features, including 5.2-channel surround sound and voice control via Alexa and Google Assistant devices or Siri via AirPlay 2, as well as full 4K Ultra HD HDMI support. Along with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, AirPlay 2 and Spotify Connect, the receiver includes MusicCast multi-room playback options. If you want to avoid having to run cabling to the rear speakers in your setup, simply add a pair of Yamaha MusicCast 20 or MusicCast 50 wireless speakers.

Yamaha AV receiver.
Yamaha RX-V4A.
MusicCast_STEREO_20
Yamaha MusicCast 20 speakers.
MusicCast_STEREO_50
Yamaha MusicCast 50 speakers.

For those who want to take their home theater experience beyond five channels, you’ll need to start with a receiver that includes more speaker outputs. For example, to play back movies mixed in Dolby Atmos, you need a receiver with outputs for at least seven speakers and two subwoofers, plus, for the best immersive experience, at least two “height” speakers (which can be in-ceiling or upward firing). DTS:X has no official requirement in terms of the number of speakers (it adapts to however many your system has), but the more speakers, the better the experience. The Yamaha RX-A3080 offers 9.2-channel playback (with 11.2-channel processing) for playback of Dolby Atmos- and DTS:X-encoded material. It also features proprietary Yamaha Surround:AI® technology to automatically optimize the surround sound in real time. Like many other Yamaha AV receivers, the RX-A3080 also offers 4K Ultra HD support as well as voice control, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, AirPlay 2, Spotify Connect and MusicCast.

AV Receiver.
Yamaha RX-A3080.

Once you’ve selected the AV receiver, the next step is to choose the speakers for the system. This choice is largely subjective, so listen to as many as possible before making your final decision. Yamaha offers several good options for front and rear speakers, including NS-333 bookshelf speakers (designed specifically for home theater applications), or NS-555 floor-standing speakers, which have a three-way bass reflex design ideal for home theater.

Ns 333
Ns 555

The center channel normally carries dialog instead of music or background effects, and so the speaker you choose to carry that signal should ideally be designed for that purpose. A good option is the Yamaha NS-C444, which incorporates a two-way acoustic suspension and a waveguide horn that allows the sound waves to reach your ears without getting reflected off the walls.

Home Theater Speaker
Yamaha NS-C444 center channel speaker.

Finally, you’ll need to purchase at least one subwoofer (though, depending upon system configuration, sometimes two are required). This is a specialized speaker that has one job, and one job only: to reproduce the low frequencies that put the punch in action such as explosions, fight scenes and car chases. An excellent choice is the Yamaha NS-SW100 powered subwoofer, which features Advanced YST II (Yamaha Active Servo Technology II) for stable and accurate response of everything from the rumble of action movies to the low notes in a favorite movie musical or live concert film.

Powered Subwoofer.
Yamaha NS-SW100 subwoofer.

Check Out the Video

Here’s a video that shows you how to take a surround system to the next level:

Whether you decide to purchase a sound bar or select individual components, shopping for a home theater surround sound system can be fun and, dare we say, binge-worthy too!

 

Ready to learn more about surround sound? Check out these related blog postings:

Home Theater Basics

Home Theater on a Budget, Part 1: Starter System

Home Theater on a Budget, Part 2: Intermediate System

Home Theater on a Budget, Part 3: Advanced System

Home Theater on a Budget, Part 4: Luxury System

MusicCast Wireless Surround Sound for Your 5.1 Home Theater

What Is DTS® Virtual:X™

What’s So Good About Dolby Atmos® and DTS:X™?

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha sound bars.

Click here for more information about Yamaha AV receivers.

Click here for more information about Yamaha speakers and subwoofers.

Q&A with Sportscaster Al Bernstein

Al Bernstein is best known as the voice of boxing — on ESPN, NBC and now Showtime. In 2012, he was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

I met Bernstein about 10 years ago while dining at a local restaurant that features entertainment. The lead performer announced that Bernstein was in the dining room, and I expected him to stand and give an obligatory celebrity wave — but no! Bernstein stepped up to the stage and sang “My Funny Valentine.” Imagine my surprise when I heard this “sports guy’s” beautiful, smooth, warm, passionate voice. He crooned standard after standard from the Great American Songbook. I was blown away. As soon he sat down, I walked over and introduced myself, and we’ve been friends ever since!

 

Q: What’s something about you that most people don’t know?

A: Most people are surprised to learn that I would have pursued a music career if journalism and sportscasting had not worked out for me. I really have to thank boxers Marvin Hagler and Sugar Ray Leonard for my side career as a singer. In 1987, during the week of what became a highly controversial bout between them, Caesars Palace asked me to do a three-night engagement. I’ve been performing ever since. My love of music has always been strong, which is why I have devoted part of my professional life to singing.

Q: Why is it important to protect access to a musical education?

A: Every student benefits from musical education. One of my favorite movies is “Mr. Holland’s Opus.” The final scene when his former band students — including the governor — come back to play his opus sends tingles up my spine every time I watch the movie. No young person should be deprived of experiences in music making.

Al Bernstein

Q: What book is on your nightstand?

A: I am currently reading “Becoming” by Michelle Obama. It is inspiring.

Q: What is your favorite food?

A: Deep-dish pizza from Lou Malnati’s — the best Chicago pizzeria.

Q: What is your biggest pet peeve?

A: My pet peeve is people who use bad grammar. It drives me crazy.

Q: Other than music, what brings you inspiration?

A: I get inspiration from horseback riding. I have been a horseman since I was 29 years old and have participated in team-penning events and celebrity rodeos. And I have enjoyed countless trail rides. It feeds my soul the same way music does.

Q: What piece of music do you wish you had written and why?

A: The entire score of “Finian’s Rainbow.” It’s my favorite Broadway musical score. Every song is perfect for the moment in the play, and yet every song stands on its own as a great song to play or sing.

Q: Why is music important to humanity?

A: Music is the universal language of the world. It allows us all to communicate on an emotional and intellectual level. It’s hard to imagine this world without music.

Q: Which person from history, dead or alive, would you want to have lunch with and what would you discuss?

A: This is a hard a question to answer! There are so many candidates. The top candidates would be Sidney Poitier, John Huston, Steve Allen, Orson Welles, Franklin Roosevelt, Mel Brooks and finally my actual choice — Theodore Roosevelt. I believe he was our best president, and he was a fascinating man. I would love to talk with him.

Q: What is the most embarrassing moment of your life that you can share?

A: I won’t share the precise details, but I got very angry about something in a public place concerning a service being done for my teenage son. I overreacted and embarrassed him, which made me ashamed of my actions. I was very disappointed in myself. I learned a lot from that experience.

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Students Become Teachers as They Level Up

Strike, an extracurricular percussion ensemble at Caledonia (Michigan) Community Schools, has been in operation for 23 years. Don Raaymakers, music teacher at Kraft Meadows Middle School who started Strike, developed a six-level program where students gain skills in performing and teaching. That way, older students get teaching experience, and Strike’s education stays in the family.

Newcomers enter at level one.

To advance to level two, they must record performances of six pieces. Level two students get to perform one piece of more difficult music in the first half of the June Strike concert and become eligible to travel on Strike performance trips.

At level three, Strikers access all of the June concert music.

At level four, students become eligible to teach Strike lessons. All lower-level Strike members must take lessons with upper-level performers. “I don’t do any of the lessons anymore; I do the supervising,” Raaymakers says.

Teaching these lessons becomes a part-time job. According to Raaymakers, level four students make $16 an hour, which increases if they hit level five and level six. Strike members pay a yearly fee to cover lessons and operating costs, but they can offset this fee by selling tickets to concerts.

Also at level four, students take a six-week class where Raaymakers teaches them music pedagogy and applied behavior analysis.

Level five comes with a pay raise, and level six performers get their names on an honorary Strike plaque.

“Strike has levels that students can achieve, like a testing program,” Raaymakers says.

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Best Practices for Online Rehearsals

And there it was … the email that said we were limited to online-only rehearsals for summer band camp. With COVID-19 numbers rising locally and our governor restricting mass gatherings, putting hundreds of band members in a room together would not be possible.

The news did not deter me. I am a tech nerd. I could figure this out. I scoured the internet for the most efficient and engaging ways to rehearse remotely. I found many helpful hints, but nothing prepared me for that first rehearsal. It was so quiet. A student was eating Taco Bell. Everyone was texting on their phones.

I needed to reevaluate how this rehearsal would run. My students were in their most comfortable spaces … their bedrooms or other places in their homes. How was I going to get them in the same mindset that they would be in the band room?

I had to figure out more than just software settings. Here are some ways that I overcame the pitfalls of remote rehearsing.

Learn the Software

Virtual meeting tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Webex and Google Meet allow teachers to connect with their students in real time even while socially distanced. When deciding on software, consider participant and meeting length restrictions. I recommend a Zoom account, currently free for teacher use with up to 100 participants and no time limits.

Most web conferencing platforms offer chat, screen sharing, recording and mute/unmute features. Become familiar with the options and create a tutorial document or video for your students. Include a meeting password to preserve privacy.

Maintain and Adapt Instructions

When you meet with your ensemble online, routines must be set up like they would be in your classroom. Students should choose well-lit and distraction-free spaces, away from younger siblings and pets.

Because they are at home, students might feel more casual about their posture and embouchure. Students should set up their cameras at a distance, so you can see their techniques.

Remind students to follow normal rehearsal protocol, including no cell phone use, eating or leaving without permission. Within a week of reinforcing these guidelines, I started to see progress.

When using any video messaging application, a slight delay occurs as the video and sound travel over the internet, making unified playing nearly impossible. Consequently, you must mute all students and teach more visually. Use the software’s spotlight feature, which allows you to see one student in full screen mode, so you get an eye on posture, embouchure, fingerings and bowing or percussion sticking techniques.

Hold Sectionals in Breakout Rooms

Some programs offer breakout rooms, so you can split up your ensemble manually into sections or peer mentor groups as well as randomly for icebreakers and team-building exercises. While other online platforms may not have the same feature, you can create multiple section-specific meetings that occur at the same time.

I ask my section leaders, first chair players or more experienced students to lead sectionals. Before the rehearsals, I meet with the leaders to brainstorm lesson plans that cover specific passages and techniques. They need a clear vision for rehearsals, so that they feel empowered, prepared and organized.

As the meeting moderator, you can move from room to room, listening to passages and giving bursts of feedback. When jumping between rooms, ask the student leaders how they are progressing through their planned lessons and offer quick tips to keep their rehearsals moving.

When your leaders run their groups, they may become frustrated. Follow up with them after rehearsals to reflect on difficulties. You will feel more appreciation from your student leaders since they have put themselves in your shoes.

Make Use of Chat Features

With the chat feature, you can give feedback to the students privately or publicly, and the students can ask questions while you are lecturing or demonstrating. I recommend eliminating student-to-student chat in the settings to avoid distraction.

Try this: Tell your students to play a passage, one person at a time. Type the corrections into a private chat, so the student can review areas of improvement while you listen to the next person.

Though online classrooms may never replace the electric feeling we get while performing in a live ensemble, we can provide our students with lightbulb moments and feelings of success.

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Adapting to Change

No stranger to change, Briana Engelbert Vogt accepted a position in June 2019 as assistant band director at Franklin (Tennessee) High School, just months before her maternity leave.

She began by co-teaching with Jacob Campos, who had recently been appointed director of bands. When Vogt returned from leave, everything was different. “COVID happened … just as we were trying to develop our relationship as co-teachers,” she says.

Joe Burgstaller Due to the pandemic, Vogt and her students had to pivot to remote learning for the last three months of school. Since resuming the new school year in a face-to-face setting, students are adapting to a new set of protocols, such as remaining six feet apart, equipping their instruments with bell covers and rehearsing outdoors. Franklin’s marching uniforms now feature a facial covering.

To help his students deal with the changes that COVID-19 brought to Arizona State University, Josef Burgstaller, associate professor of trumpet, advised them to accept, embrace and even surrender to change. “If we fight [change], or we lament, or we label it as negative, or we mourn what was or get angry, that’s what all our focus is on,” he says. “If we’re focused on ‘Poor us,’ [then] we’re not solution-based,” he says.

Build Strong Relationships

Vogt and Campos built their co-teaching strategy based on shared values. “We have the same philosophy about teaching … relationships first,” Vogt says. “If I have [relationships] in the forefront of my mind, then the change doesn’t matter.”

Music directors should not tie the success of their programs to one individual, like a superintendent who is friendly to the arts. “[Music educators] think because the superintendent has their backs, they don’t have to cultivate other relationships,” says Bob Morrison, CEO of Quadrant Research and director of Arts Ed NJ.

Failure to develop relationships with several individuals within the district and administration may later haunt a music director, Morrison says.

Bob MorrisionAvoiding and Adapting to Budget Cuts

A music program’s budget is often in flux. To avoid finding themselves on the short end of a budget cut, band directors should launch a preemptive strike, Morrison says. The most effective time to advocate for a music program is during times of prosperity. “It prepares you, the community and your supporters for when there may be an issue you’re faced with, like staff reduction and budget cuts,” Morrison says.

Budgets for 2021-2022 currently look shaky, dependent on whether districts receive federal funding to backfill declines in state public education funding due to the pandemic. With so much in doubt, band directors must advocate for their programs now. “Proactive is better than reactive,” Morrison says.

When faced with budget cuts, Vogt turns to the band’s booster program. “They are our support and our go-to,” she says.

Letting Students Lead

Music educators often “have challenges letting go of … control,” Burgstaller says.

Brianna Vogt Vogt says that she’s learning to trust in students. “We’re giving up a lot of control and putting it in the students’ hands,” she says. “We’re saying, ‘Teach us how to help you in this new world that we’re living in.’”

From mid-March until late June, many of Franklin’s students studied from home and took the opportunity to make instructional videos, “teaching people how to march [using] themselves as models,” Vogt says.

Students also created workout challenges to stay engaged and in shape for marching band. “It’s like one collective group coming together to push us through with their proactive leadership,” Vogt says.

Burgstaller says that the musician’s role in the community is more important than ever. Therefore, he has encouraged his students to write and perform music for family and friends.

Standing on Shoulders

Over the years, music teachers of all levels experience an endless parade of students wending through their programs. Instead of looking at it as a revolving door, Burgstaller sees his students as an ever-growing, interconnected group. When students graduate from his program, Burgstaller stays in touch with them. “I look at my students as a continuation of my lineage,” he says. “Everyone of us stands on the shoulders of those before us.”

Building a great culture in a music program starts with the relationships that students develop with each other, Vogt says. Entering freshman are taught respect and personal responsibility. When the rising seniors take the reins and lead, “it’s this beautiful cycle,” Vogt says.

Burgstaller, who views life as a practice room, says that musicians are experts at true growth because of constant practice. “Change is necessary; change is organic; it’s authentic,” he says. “True growth is most often uncomfortable and sometimes emotionally painful [but] always worth it.”

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Case Study: Extracurricular Ensembles in Michigan

Strike up the percussion ensemble and bring on the bagpipes.

Extracurricular music at Caledonia (Michigan) Community Schools entertain audiences with a variety of sounds from steel drums and Japanese music to rock ballads. Concerts aren’t just in the school auditorium, either; a surprise bagpipe march might energize students who are walking the halls to their first class.

In honor of the Caledonia High School mascot, the Fighting Scots, the school has a thriving pipe and drum band, created by Kyle Wellfare, director of bands. In addition, students ranging from elementary through high school can participate in the percussion ensemble Strike, which is the brainchild of Don Raaymakers, music teacher for Kraft Meadows Middle School.

Extracurricular ensembles excel at Caledonia due to the collaborative and open-minded culture within the district. “For us, it’s not about the competitive side of [music],” Wellfare says. “We want to encourage students to explore and try things at a high level.”

Caledonia’s administration finds power in pursuing new ideas, including those within the music department. “During my 20 years at Caledonia High School, the administration has always been very supportive of the music program,” says Jim Crites, an assistant principal. “This includes lending support to the teachers as they explore creative and unique ensembles.”

Breathing Life into the Bagpipes

Back in 2011, Wellfare was teaching a music appreciation class unit on Scottish music. Wellfare suddenly remembered that he had a set of bagpipes stored in his office.

“I stumbled my way through explaining what the bagpipes are,” Wellfare says.

Then a student expressed interest in learning to play the bagpipes, considering the school’s mascot. After some networking with adult bagpipe performers in the community, Wellfare decided to make the pipe band a learning experience for everyone — including himself.

Wellfare enlisted the help of Dan Smith, a local piper and friend of Caledonia’s orchestra director, to teach him and his first pipe students. Smith, who has since passed away, introduced Wellfare to Dorothy Wilson, a performer for the Muskegon Regional Police Pipes and Drums, who became a volunteer instructor as well.

Each year, the Caledonia Pipes and Drums band comprises 15 to 20 performers. Some are students and others are teachers, administrators or members of the community.

The group meets Tuesdays and Thursdays, with Tuesdays devoted to teaching new pipers the basics. On Thursdays, experienced players are joined by percussionists, which include snare, tenor and bass drum players.

Bagpipes have a big learning curve. “The first step is you learn the tunes on a chanter, a glorified recorder,” Wellfare says. “If you don’t know songs by memory, playing the bagpipes is nearly impossible.”

According to Wilson, perseverance and motivation are key factors for keeping students engaged during these early stages. “You start out just going up and down the scale,” she says. “It gets boring at first. That’s the hard thing, playing the same tunes over and over again.”

Wilson recommends demonstrating harder tunes as inspiration. “You say, ‘If you keep on practicing, you can play these tunes!’” she says.

Once performers memorize their songs on a chanter, they can start using the pipes. “It’s a unique process,” Wellfare says.

Since its inception, the Caledonia Pipes and Drums band has become a ceremonial staple for school events, performing a procession at graduation every year, leading the football team between the field and locker room, and honoring athletes on senior nights. “It gives me goosebumps to see them perform at school events,” Crites says.

Growing Up with the Drums

While the Caledonia Pipes and Drums band is completing its first decade, the Strike Percussion Ensemble has existed for more than two. Founded in 1997 with six of his private students, Raaymakers registered Strike as a not-for-profit in 2000 and brought it to Caledonia in 2004 when he started teaching at Kraft Meadows.

Strike Percussion Ensemble performingThe Strike program has a continuum of levels: 4th and 5th graders can join Lil’ Strikers; 6th through 8th graders can participate in Mini-Strike; and high schoolers can perform in Strike. High schoolers in Strike must also be a part of Caledonia’s curricular band or orchestra.

Strike rehearses at the middle school but performs concerts at the high school in November, March and June. The June concerts feature college-level music by composers like David Maslanka, David Gillingham, Ivan Trevino and Christopher Rouse as well as steel drums, Japanese drums and popular music by bands like Blink-182 and Jimmy Eat World. The Lil’ Strikers make an appearance, joining Strike for the pop songs. Mini-Strike has its own concert in April.

Like the Pipes and Drums band, Strike has become popular with students as well as faculty. “I have attended a number of Strike events over the years,” says Crites who played percussion in his youth. “I have a special fondness for all things percussion.”

In 2018, when Dr. Dedrick Martin became the district’s new superintendent, Raaymakers tried to introduce Martin to Strike and was surprised by his response. “He said, ‘I know what Strike is; I have my June concert tickets!’” Raaymakers recalls.

Exploring Unique Opportunities

In previous years, Raaymakers has assembled Travel Strike, which played in places like Disney World, New York City and Hawaii. Travel Strike was scheduled to perform at Disney World in 2020 but canceled the trip because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The group has also appeared at the Percussive Arts Society International Convention.

Caledonia Pipes and Drums performing at a bike raceThe Pipes and Drums band performs locally but with a wide breadth of paid and unpaid performance opportunities. The Barry-Roubaix bike race is one of the pipers’ biggest annual events. “We stand in the middle of nowhere, and hundreds of bikers ride by us,” Wellfare says. “I always joke that they’re riding fast to get to us or to get away from the sound.”

However, Wellfare says that one of his favorite gigs is the Armed Forces Thanksgiving Parade, which fosters connections within the pipe band community.

Connecting the Community

The supportive, family atmosphere in the pipe band community has been a force for growth. “If you’re part of a pipe band, you’re going to attract a lot of attention,” Wellfare says. “Other pipe bands take notice.”

Through connections, a partnership grew between Caledonia and the Muskegon’s police band. “They have been really supportive of us with equipment and giving our students extra performing opportunities around the state,” Wellfare says. “Some students were able to [participate] in competitions with that group.”

Wilson says that the support of administrators and family members make Caledonia a successful home for a variety of extracurricular ensembles.

“If the parents aren’t supporting it, it’s lost,” she says. “The kids love it because it’s something different.”

Photo by Christina Tell and Courtesy of Elisabeth Wellfare

 

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Build Diversity in Your Repertoire

Indiana University Bloomington music students circulated a petition calling for more diversity across the music school’s curriculum.

These students were motivated by the dialogue about systemic racism following the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery and others. They also met with the conductors of Indiana’s large ensembles, asking for diverse concert programs too.

Rodney DorseyThe discussion led Dr. Rodney Dorsey, the chair of the Department of Bands, to explore the possibility of joint projects with Indiana’s Latin Jazz Ensemble and ballet program. But he’s recognized the lack of diversity in music for years. As a student, he remembers telling his parents that he didn’t see many Black men leading college bands.

Throughout the last decade, music educators have been acknowledging the need to build concert programs that include a diverse range of composers and musical styles.

Falling back on the classics, typically written by white men, means that a broad swath of students will rarely perform music written by somebody who looks like them or is familiar with their culture, says Dr. Cory Meals, head of analytical activities for the Institute for Composer Diversity, a group based at the State University of New York at Fredonia.

“We need to be mindful of the constellation of other information swarming around any given work: the composers themselves, their backgrounds, their stories, and how those stories intersect or reflect those of our students and communities,” says Meals, who is also assistant professor in music education at the University of Houston.

When building a diverse repertoire for your music program, try these five tactics.

1. Learn Where to Look

Liz LoveAccording to research from the Institute for Composer Diversity, white men wrote nearly 95% of the pieces on suggested repertoire lists for school bands in 23 states. Therefore, state lists should not be the only source for programming ideas, says Liz Love, band director at Grisham Middle School in Austin, Texas.

Meals recommends sites such as the Institute for Composer Diversity, …And We Were Heard and the Kassia Database. Self-published composers, smaller publishers such as Meredith Music Publications and co-ops like the Blue Dot Collective can also turn up new options.

Following minority composers on social media may also provide inspiration. When Love and her students went to the University of Texas at Austin to sit in on a college rehearsal, they met Omar Thomas and later performed his soulful rendition of “Shenandoah” at the 2019 Midwest Clinic International Band and Orchestra Conference. Some of Love’s students started following Thomas on Instagram and shared their excitement about his updates.

2. Consider Commissioning

Commissioning new pieces can be costly, but bands can split the composer’s fee through consortiums or other creative means.

While conducting the University of Oregon wind ensemble in 2016, Dorsey received a faculty grant to commission a piece by Andrea Reinkemeyer called “The Thaw” for voice and winds. Reinkemeyer had attended Oregon as an undergraduate student.

Love sought support from the Grisham Band community to pay for a commissioned work, also performed for the 2019 Midwest Clinic, called “Everybody Sang (In a Universal Language)” by composer Jack Wilds. The piece features folk songs from China, Mexico and Bulgaria, capturing Grisham’s diverse population.

Love says that Wilds, a white composer, was worried about appropriation, but the composition was a collaborative effort. Love had reached out to her students and their families to get feedback about their favorite folk songs. The work resonated with families, including a father who “was surprised and elated that, as part of [his daughter’s] schooling, she was to play something that he recognized,” Love says.

3. Think Inclusively

When creating a concert program, don’t focus on a single type of composer, such as all female or all Black, Meals advises. That situation can lead to “othering,” suggesting that underrepresented individuals are different or separate in some way.

Instead, when planning concert programs, he recommends a one-to-one ratio. For every Gustav Holst, Paul Hindemith or other classic, feature a work by an underrepresented composer.

4. Go Beyond the Music

While Dorsey plans to program more pieces by under-represented composers going forward, he has made efforts to incorporate them into his concerts in the past.

For the Indiana University wind ensemble two years ago, he featured “AMEN!” by Carlos Simon and the “‘Heritage’ Concerto for Euphonium and Band 2014” by Anthony Barfield.

Dorsey takes time to educate his students about the people behind the music. “At the start of the rehearsal cycle, I will talk about the composer and any pertinent information about the piece,” Dorsey says.

Performing newer works also creates the opportunity for students to meet composers directly. Barfield attended the Indiana concert. Reinkemeyer attended the dress rehearsal and premiere at Oregon.

5. Be Brave

Cory MealsFinding new material and learning to teach it take effort. Some band directors may shy away from unfamiliar musical cultures, styles or composers for fear that “they [might not] have the background, training or knowledge to navigate the musical and cultural content successfully,” Meals says.

To remedy this, he recommends a three-phased approach. First, learn more about the piece. Dive into any resources the composer has offered. Smithsonian Folkways Recordings and the Routledge World Music Pedagogy Series can help.

Second, connect with culture bearers who can provide context to the musical piece. That person could come from your community, from a local university or from within your own school. “Look broadly and be inclusive,” Meals says.

Finally, once you’ve performed the piece, re-engage that culture bearer to ask what went well and how you and your students might improve your understanding. “We’re educators,” Meals says. “We should also be lifelong learners.”

Photo by Shawn Chaney

SupportED 2020v5n3 cover with Mimi StillmanThis article originally appeared in the 2020N3 issue of Yamaha SupportED. To see more back issues, find out about Yamaha resources for music educators, or sign up to be notified when the next issue is available, click here

Buying Your First Guitar

You’ve made up your mind: This is the year you finally get yourself a guitar and learn how to play. Or perhaps you know someone who’d really like to take up the instrument — and you’re ready to help them fulfill that dream.

Where to start, though? It all seems so confusing …

We’ve got the solution. Here’s a video that provides the basics on what to look for when choosing your first guitar or bass, whether you’re going for an acoustic or an electric. It covers common terminology and some of the technical details you need to know, such as the types of wood and other materials you’ll come across as you’re shopping — even how to choose the instrument that best matches your height and body shape. Guitars also come in many different shapes and sizes, and this video describes them all, along with the kinds of things you can do to maintain your new axe and make it easier to play.

Check it out and get ready to start a new chapter in your life!

Click here to find out more about Yamaha guitars and basses.

 

Robert Dudzic

Here’s a video featuring sound designer, producer, engineer, composer and studio musician Robert Dudzic. Robert’s sound effects can be heard on many high-profile movie trailers, as well as television shows around the world. He has also produced several collections of sound and music effects, including sample content for the latest Cubase 11 release.

During this NAMM® 2020 interview with Steinberg’s Greg Ondo, Robert explains why Cubase is so important to his work, with step-by-step demonstrations of both process and technique. Watch as Robert sets up sessions, imports and exports audio, applies normalization, adds reverb, performs sound replacement and shares tricks for adding punch to sounds.

Coming soon: David Kahne

Check out our other Steinberg Stories.

 

Click here to learn more about Steinberg Cubase.

So You’re Getting a New 4K (or 8K) TV for the Holidays

As the holiday season approaches, thoughts turn to gift-giving. Whether you’re shopping for the family or want to treat yourself to something special, one of the brightest presents you can put (or find) under the tree this year is an Ultra HD TV.

There’s good reason why. Entertaining at home has never been more popular, as households look for ways to stay connected and engaged. What better way to do that than through the lifelike images on the screen of a state-of-the-art TV?

In this article, we’ll take you through the ins and outs of buying a new UHD TV, and point you toward some audio components that will let you take full advantage of both the sights and sounds that make a TV such a great holiday purchase.

Size Matters … and So Does Tech

Most shoppers naturally gravitate toward large displays. And that’s okay, as long as the room in which the TV will be placed is big enough and you’re able to sit the proper distance away. But it takes more than impressive diagonal inches to deliver an enriched entertainment experience. For the best picture possible, an Ultra HD TV must excel at five basic functions: resolution, frame rate, bit depth, color space and brightness range. If the TV you purchase is lacking in any of these areas, you could be left with a serious case of buyer’s remorse. Let’s take a closer look at each of these in turn.

1. Video Resolution

4K or 8K? 4K is great, but there’s been a lot of buzz about 8K TVs lately. They’re currently the best thing going in terms of picture quality, and are poised to make an even greater impact in the very near future — future being the keyword, since there’s not very much 8K video content available to watch … yet. When that happens — and it will — images will reach a whole new level of realism. Just like 4K one-upped 1080p, 8K will outdo 4K, mainly due to better resolution. The picture resolution of 8K content presented on an 8K TV is four times that of a 4K TV. Bottom line: Trading up to an 8K TV prepares you for the future of video and offers unparalleled picture quality if you can fit it into your budget.

As a bonus, even “regular old” 1080p and 4K video content from cable, satellite, streaming sources and physical discs look better when displayed on an 8K TV. That’s because 8K TVs have something special built inside: advanced processors that upscale incoming video signals, which results in a finer, clearer, sharper image.

2. Frame Rate

Frame rate defines the speed at which video is captured on film and displayed on a TV. The faster the frame rate, the more images are displayed every second. But don’t let the numbers fool you: Faster frame rates are great for video games, but for movies, you’re better off sticking with the standard spec of 24 fps (frames per second) to avoid motion blur.

3. Bit Depth

The pixels that form an image are comprised of individual “bits.” More bits per pixel (bpp) result in a wider variation, or shades, of each primary color — red, blue and green. When more shades of color can be discerned, images appear more natural and have greater depth.

4. Number of Colors

Images also appear more lifelike when they can be created from a larger palette of colors. An Ultra HD TV that supports the latest spec (Rec. 2020) delivers a wider range of colors to the screen — even beyond red, blue and green variations — than earlier specs like Rec. 709.

5. Brightness

The headlamps of a car, city streetlights, sunlight hitting a pane of glass — images like these appear brighter and more akin to how they look in real life when the Ultra HD TV on which they are presented supports high dynamic range (HDR). Without it, bright areas of a screen can come across as somewhat muted. Look for a TV that supports the HDR10+ format, which allows for maximum brightness and color depth.

HDMI® 2.1

Some of the newest TV models incorporate a specification called HDMI 2.1, which enables HDR10+, as well as higher video resolutions like 8K and faster frame rates. Another important feature implemented in HDMI 2.1 is something called Enhanced Audio Return Channel (eARC for short). This adds a boost in bandwidth and speed so that higher-quality uncompressed audio streams like Dolby Atmos® and DTS:X™-encoded audio from movies can be sent from your TV to a sound bar or AV receiver. Which brings us to …

Add-Ons for Optimum Audio

As we’ve seen, modern Ultra HD TVs — in both 4K and 8K varieties — are capable of delivering terrific video. But in the interest of providing these great features in a cost-effective package, TV manufacturers are making their products thinner and thinner, resulting in speakers that are smaller and smaller, which begs the question: What good is a pristine picture if the audio is mediocre?

Fortunately, there are a number of audio components available that can bridge the gap, any of which makes a perfect add-on gift by providing a vastly better listening experience than the speakers built into Ultra HD TVs.

One great option is to add a sound bar such as the Yamaha YAS-109. Featuring a slim profile with built-in subwoofers, it can sit beneath a TV or can be easily wall-mounted, making its a real space-saver … yet it’s packed with technologies like DTS® Virtual:X™ to give you 3D surround sound.

Yamaha YAS-109 sound bar speaker, wall-mounted directly underneath TV.
Yamaha YAS-109, wall-mounted.

If space and/or budget permit, you might consider pairing your new Ultra HD TV with an AV receiver, which can serve as the central hub between your TV and audio components. The Yamaha RX-A2A is a good example. It supports HDMI 2.1, which puts its audio performance on par with that of an HDMI 2.1-compliant Ultra HD TV. And the RX-A2A can deliver audio, including Dolby Atmos and DTS:X, to as many as seven discrete speakers to envelop the entire listening area with sound. When both the video and the audio components of a home entertainment system support the most advanced technologies available, you get a stellar viewing and listening experience that’s lifelike, immersive and engaging — something that brings home entertainment to a whole new level.

Yamaha RX-A2A.
Yamaha RX-A2A.

Movies are hitting on-demand services faster than ever before, offering a great opportunity to watch the latest releases from the comfort of your home. With the right features and technologies, an Ultra HD TV brings your family room closer to the cinema experience, making it a holiday gift well worth giving and receiving.

Check out these related blog articles:

What’s the Difference Between 4K Ultra HD, 8K UHD and HDR10+?

HDMI 2.1: What It Means for Gear and Gamers

Raiders of the Lost eARC

How to Shop for a Sound Bar

What’s a Receiver? Part 2: AV

Top Five AV Receiver Features

What’s So Good About Dolby Atmos and DTS:X?

What Is DTS Virtual:X?

 

Click here for more information about the Yamaha RX-A2A AV receiver.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha YAS-109 sound bar.

Jazz Chord Voicings, Part 3

In previous installments, we’ve been practicing good voice-leading, where we move each note in our voicings to the nearest adjacent note when changing chords. In this, the final article in this three-part series, we’ll extend that concept by creating what are called passing tones within our chords. This will allow you to get more variety than just playing one voicing per chord change.

Creating Movement

You can think of passing tones as small melodies that occur within your chordal playing. For each chord quality (major, minor etc.), there are commonly used notes and color tones (that is, notes beyond the 7th) that can be employed to create this type of internal movement. The most typical way to extend a major chord is by playing it as a suspended 4th resolving into the 3rd, as shown (and heard) in the first bar of this example:

Suspended 4th resolving into the 3rd.

In the next two bars, there’s even more movement, accomplished by using color tones from the C major scale to create melodic interest. (In bar 3, I simply change the inversion of the notes in the right hand.)

You can think of these as small inner melodies: the left hand plays A, G, F, G, while the right hands plays in parallel with it, but a sixth higher (D, F, E, D, E). At the same time, the lower notes in the right hand move down from D to C and then B. It sounds a bit like a church hymn, and hymns are in fact a great resource for learning good voice leading. Just add some colorful harmony and you’re moving in the right direction!

As an aside, many years ago I went to see the late, great jazz pianist Bill Evans at the Village Vanguard club in New York, and I had the opportunity to speak with him during his break, asking (more like begging!) him for lessons. He deferred, but told me that he learned his basics of good voice leading by studying and playing the Bach Chorales.

Another common, though perhaps clichéd movement on a major chord is to go from the 5th to the augmented 5th and then into the 6th, as demonstrated in the first bar of this example — a sound that always conjures up Broadway musical styles to me:

Augmented movement.

In bar 2, I move from the 5th up through the augmented 5th to the 6th, and then back down again. In bar 3, I make that movement the inner part of the voicing, and in bar 4, I use the concept to just move down chromatically with the inner voice from the 6th into the 5th.

Next, let’s explore common movement for a minor chord, with is usually done by going from the root to the major 7th, then into the flatted 7th, and sometimes the 6th:

Minor movement.

In the first bar, I cycle through the root and 7th tones, similar to the augmented movement played in the previous example. In bar 2, I add the 9th to the voicing, and descend chromatically from the root down to the 6th. In bar 3, I move the descending line down into the left hand, and in bar 4, I vary the right hand voicing to create a minor 6th chord. Bars 5 and 6 show ways to make the movement ascend from the 5th up into the 6th, and in bars 7 through 9, I explore left hand chromatic movement between the 5th and 6th.

The Dominant 7th chord has the most possibilities, since there are so many choices for the color tones. The 9th can be natural (D), flatted (Db) or raised (D#/Eb); the 13th (same as the 6th) can be natural (A) or flatted (Ab which is the same as the augmented 5th G#); and you can also flat the 5th (also called a #11).

Dominant movement.

The first two bars demonstrate a 9th to flatted 9th movement, and the next two bars show sharp 9th to flatted 9th. Bar 5 goes from the 5th up through the augmented 5th into the 6th. From there, I explore a variety of mixed uses of 9ths and 13ths while varying the final chord as well.

Using the suspended 4th to 3rd movement also works well on dominant chords, so we can add that to our mix of possibilities:

Sus-dominant movement.

A dominant chord also functions as the V7 chord in a minor key, so let’s finish up by exploring some possibilities for that scenario:

Minor key Dominant movement.

Putting These Concepts Into Practice

To show you how these inner lines can add a character to your playing, let’s revisit a tune we explored previously — a harmonization of the jazz standard “Autumn Leaves,” accompanied by some bass and drums:

Autumn Leaves voicings with substitutions.

As you can hear, there’s already a little bit of voice movement, specifically in bars 2 and 14, but here’s a revision with a lot more motion:

Autumn Leaves with inner movement.

In bars 1-5, the movement has been added to the top of the voicings, but starting in bar 6 it happens in the middle of the chords. And then starting in bar 13, it goes back to the top. Notice how it adds more interest to the part?

For our last example, let’s move to a solo piano style, where I play the melody of the song — a small refrain from the classic “Over The Rainbow” that’s pretty advanced harmonically. Listen along to the audio clip and follow the inner voices to get a feel for how the voice-leading creates beautiful countermelodies against the main melody.

Over the Rainbow arrangement.

We’ll come back to this example in a future “Well-Rounded Keyboardist” to explain some of the harmonic ideas. For now, enjoy it and learn to play it.

All audio played on a Yamaha P-515.

 

Check out our other Well-Rounded Keyboardist postings.

Click here for more information about Yamaha keyboard instruments.

A Guide to Bass Pickups

Music historians may disagree about whether the electric bass was first invented in the early 1920s, the early 1950s or somewhere in-between. But there’s no question that the technological catalyst required to make the concept a reality — a pickup installed to enable amplification of the bass — was a game-changer.

As my old friend and former bandmate/colleague Mac Randall has written about here on the Yamaha blog, guitars first started using pickups back in the 1930s, helping them project from the bandstand. But it wasn’t until the early 1950s that essentially the same invention helped the poor double bassist to be heard.

What Is a Pickup?

Basically, a pickup is a transducer — a device that converts a signal of one type of energy into one of another type of energy; a good example is a microphone, which converts physical sound waves traveling through air into an electrical signal. The earliest electric bass pickups were magnets wrapped a few thousand times in very fine copper wire. The magnetic field around these windings would react to the vibrations of a moving bass string, creating an electrical voltage that could be amplified.

Pickup design and construction have steadily improved since those early days (although some vintage pickups are highly sought after today and often serve as the inspiration for modern designs), giving us lots of great options to choose from. Today, there are a number of different types of pickups — magnetic, piezo and optical — and several intriguing pickup configurations, each with its own subtle but unique set of qualities and characteristics:

– Magnetic pickups are where it all began, with magnets wrapped in copper wire, and are still the most common type of electric bass (and electric guitar) pickup. They include single coil, split coil, double coil (aka humbuckers) and other minor variations on each theme.

– Piezo pickups react to pressure, rather than a change in a magnetic field.

– Optical pickups rely on light that’s shined onto a vibrating string — and the conversion of the resulting shadow caused by those vibrations — to create an amplifiable signal.

Let’s take a closer look at each type, and their common configurations.

Single Coils

A single coil pickup, as its name suggests, is a solitary straight copper wire wrapped around magnetic pole pieces aligned beneath the strings of your bass. Bright and aggressive-sounding, you’ll typically find single coils installed close to the bridge, but you’ll rarely encounter a bass with only one single coil pickup. More usually, you’ll find them coupled with another single coil pickup in the neck or middle position (as in the Yamaha BBNE2 Nathan East Signature Model), or paired with a split coil (see below) in the neck or middle position — the configuration used in all Yamaha BB and RBX Series basses, as well as Yamaha TRBX 200/170 Series basses.

Yamaha BBNE2 Nathan East Signature Model with white finish and single coils.
Yamaha BBNE2.

Split Coils

A split coil is pretty much what it sounds like: a single coil split into two parts, each with its own smaller coil. Instead of running straight across the full width of your strings, those two individual coils are staggered, resulting in a signal that’s attractively out-of-phase, which in this case is a good thing. Compared sonically to the single coil, the split coil sounds juicier, with bouncier lows and punchier mids. Some of that comes from the traditional placement of split coils — roughly midway between the end of the fretboard and the bridge (as in the Yamaha TRBX204 shown below), where the string vibrations are more active and harmonic. There are also basses that have two split coil pickups, with the second one installed closer to the bridge.

Yamaha TRBX204 bass with bright red finish and split coils.
Yamaha TRBX204.

Humbuckers

One benefit of split coil pickups is that they naturally cancel out electrical hum from lightbulbs and amplifiers that single coils can transmit. As its name suggests, so does the humbucker, also known as a “double coil” pickup. It consists of two single coil pickups connected out of phase with one another, and with their magnets aligned as polar opposites. This effectively cancels out interference, with a side benefit of a hotter signal, making it a popular choice among bassists.

Their sound can vary quite a bit, too. For example, if you like a crisp, modern sound, you’ll love the humbuckers in Yamaha TRBX 300/500/600 Series basses, as well as those in the Yamaha TRBJP2 John Patitucci Signature Bass. But they can also provide a beefier vibe, as in the vintage “mudbucker” inspiration behind the DiMarzio Woofer Pickup found in the middle position of the new Billy Sheehan-designed Yamaha Attitude 30th bass.

Yamaha 30th Anniversary bass with humbucker pickups.
Yamaha 30th Anniversary bass.

Piezo

Unlike magnetic pickups that rely on magnetism to convert string vibrations into sound, a piezo-electric pickup uses a thin, compressed layer of crystal installed inside the bridge (under the string saddles) to convert the pressure changes caused by string vibrations into an electrical signal. Piezo pickups aren’t exclusive to acoustic-electric guitars, but that’s where you usually see them. (They’re rarely found on basses.) On their own — that is, without EQ and/or unblended with another pickup — piezos can sound a bit thin, but they faithfully reproduce the unique airiness and zing that define acoustic string instruments. They also have the added benefit of under-bridge installation for a stealth look.

Optical

Optical pickups are an even more esoteric innovation in that they use light to convert string vibrations into an electrical signal. Similar to piezos in their stealth approach, the under-saddle pickup shines a light onto the string and converts the resulting shadow (which changes when the string vibrates) into an electrical signal. Optical pickups aren’t found on many basses just yet, but maybe one day they will be. They’re touted for delivering a noiseless signal with extended frequency range and flat response. And interestingly, they boast longer sustain than magnetic pickups because there’s no magnetic field exerting pressure on the string. This is definitely technology worth keeping an eye on.

It’s All About Taste … As Well As Being Heard

What type of pickup (or pickups) your bass uses makes a big difference in the kinds of sounds you can create. Some players prefer one type — two single coils, for instance — while others prefer to combine types together, such as a middle position split coil paired with a single coil in the bridge position.

Whether you like your pickups underwound or overwound, blended or soloed, made with a specific type of Alnico material or with oversized pole pieces from rare earth materials is up to you. But whether you choose to obsess over it or ignore it, just be thankful there are so many options available. The electric bass pickup of today is a far cry from many decades ago. Bassists back then didn’t argue over how many pickup windings made for the best signal. To them, being heard at all was an improvement!

Check out Michael’s other blog posts.

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha basses.

History of the Five-Octave Marimba

Thirty-five years ago, Yamaha started the production of a new instrument — the five-octave marimba. This was the culmination of a 16-year partnership between the company and Keiko Abe, today considered the Grand Dame of the marimba.

Keiko Abe playing the marimba in 2019.
Keiko Abe in 2019.

Early Days

In the early 1960s, Abe was a young rising star in the vibrant musical life of Tokyo. After proving herself at her first studio job, she quickly became a first-call marimbist due to her sight-reading and ability to improvise on the spot. She met and worked with many of Japan’s most talented composers in film and audio recording studios, live TV studios and orchestral performances.

Abe also became famous as a pop music artist, recording 11 albums, both as a featured soloist and as the leader of the Xebec Marimba Trio. Not only did she appear on numerous TV variety shows, she had her own show teaching marimba. Abe was interested in serious classical music, but there were only a handful of compositions written for the marimba at that time. She began commissioning composers she knew from her studio work, and in 1968, presented the first full-length concert written specifically for the marimba. This singular concert was an important event for the marimba world and marks the beginning of the modern concert marimba that we know today.

The instrument Keiko Abe used to perform this groundbreaking repertoire was a state-of-the-art, 4.3-octave marimba (lowest pitch A, a tenth below middle C). However, after the concert, two of the composers told Abe that they felt the sound of her marimba was not adequate to express their musical ideas.

Yamaha Enters the Picture

Abe then decided to ask Mr. Genichi Kawakami, president of Yamaha at the time, to develop a new marimba for her. She requested that it be 5 octaves in range (with lowest C two octaves below middle C), with a big bass sound, a warm middle range, and a bright, clear and powerful tonality in the top octaves. Yamaha engineers would work with Abe over a sixteen-year period to develop this new musical instrument — one that would transcend the limitations of earlier instruments and create an entirely new world of musical possibilities.

Yamaha began the task by building a 4.3-octave marimba based on Abe’s recommendations. By the early 1970s, they had expanded the lengths of the bars and the range into a 4.5-octave instrument (lowest pitch F a twelfth below middle C), and Abe began using this instrument for performances and on her 1970s recordings with the Tokyo Quintet. It had a very bright sound and a wider dynamic range than the 4.3-octave model, perfect for contemporary chamber music.

Nonetheless, Yamaha engineers continued their R&D efforts to design the five low bars and resonators to get the lowest pitches of the 5-octave range — something that was especially challenging due to the acoustics and physics of these frequencies. They built a prototype extension with these five bars placed at the the low end of the existing 4.5-octave marimba, and that was the instrument Abe used on tour in 1981, including performances at the Percussion Arts Society International Convention (PASIC) ’81 in Indianapolis and at a number of colleges throughout the U.S.

Woman playing a marimba.
Yamaha prototype extension marimba with extra five bars (right).

The World’s First

However, Abe was still not completely satisfied with the sound; she was seeking a warmer tone. Yamaha engineers continued to work with her on various harmonic tuning strategies, bar lengths and bar widths, refining the sound until the world’s first 5-octave concert marimba — the Yamaha YM-6000 — was finished. In honor of this new instrument, Abe commissioned Minoru Miki to create “Marimba Spiritual” as the first composition written for a 5-octave concert marimba. Both instrument and composition were premiered in the spring of 1984 in Amsterdam and again in the fall at PASIC in Ann Arbor, Michigan — with enthusiastic acclaim from the audience on both occasions. Production and sale of the instrument began in 1985.

Yamaha YM-6000 Concert Grand Marimba.
Yamaha YM-6000 Concert Grand Marimba.

Abe was so inspired by the sound of her new marimba that she began composing and recording her own music. Her first solo album of her own compositions, entitled “Marimba Fantasy,” was released in 1986. She has continued to compose, tour internationally and teach master classes at academies all over the world. The beauty of her music and performances has inspired thousands of musicians to choose the marimba as their preferred instrument.

Today, 35 years later, we can see the results of this innovation that Yamaha brought into existence. Not only has there been a surge of musicians choosing to play the marimba, along with a huge increase in repertoire, the 5-octave marimba has become the standard instrument for serious study and performance. The current Yamaha YM-6100 5 Octave Artist Model Rosewood Marimba was also designed in partnership with Keiko Abe, and reflects that lasting legacy.

Photograph of Keiko Abe courtesy of Toho Gakuen College Music Department via Wikimedia Commons

 

Click here for more information about Keiko Abe.

Click here for more information about Yamaha marimbas.

There’s a Sound Bar for Every Space and Budget

As modern TVs get thinner and thinner, their speakers get smaller and smaller … and the audio is the first thing that suffers. To achieve better audio, you’ll need some help. That’s where a sound bar comes in.

The only catch? Knowing which one is right for you. To help you decide, we’ve compiled a list of the very best Yamaha sound bars for every space and budget, categorized by the type of need you might have. Note that all models mentioned here include Bluetooth® support in case you want to stream music when the TV is off.

Small and Tight Spaces

Long thin speaker.
Yamaha SR-C20A.

Whether you live in a small apartment or a large house, space is often in short supply … especially when it comes to where to place audio equipment. The small but mighty Yamaha SR-C20A provides a space-saving solution for every scenario.

At just 23″ in length, the SR-C20A can fit anywhere, from bedroom dressers to cabinets to computer desks — it even includes rear keyholes for easy wall-mounting. What’s more, it’s packed with features that can fill a room without waking your neighbors. Key among them is Dolby® 2D virtual surround sound, which simulates the placement of sonic elements like footsteps and helicopter blades using various digital techniques. With a built-in subwoofer, Bass Extension and Clear Voice dialogue enhancer, plus four different sound modes to choose from (including one designed specially for gamers), this little bar is sure to do big things for you in close quarters.

Large computer screen on a desk with a sound bar directly below and a keyboard in front.
Long thin speaker.
Yamaha SR-B20A.

A Step Up

The SR-C20A is a great place to start, but if you’ve got a little more space and a little extra budget, the Yamaha SR-B20A provides another great all-in-one option, along with several improvements.

At 35″ long, the SR-B20A has room for two built-in subwoofers to help boost the low-end. It also features DTS® Virtual:X virtual 3D surround sound, which expands the soundstage to provide a more immersive experience.

Modern living room with large flat screen on the wall and a long thin sound bar hung on wall below screen.
Long thin speaker.
Yamaha YAS-109.

For the Smart Home

If you prefer the convenience of going hands-free, the Yamaha YAS-109 takes it a step further with built-in Alexa voice control. This allows you to seamlessly integrate the sound bar with your smart home devices to round out your connected home ecosystem. Alexa Skills include: turning power on or off, volume control and requesting a specific artist, song or genre to be played from Amazon Music. You can also mute Alexa on the sound bar if you’re in need of some privacy.

Closeup of television screen sitting on a table with a long thin speaker on table directly below.

Fill the Room with Sound

Make no mistake: Every sound bar on this list packs a punch, but if you’re looking to fill a bigger room with even more sound, you might consider the Yamaha YAS-209, which comes with a separate wireless subwoofer. The sub can be placed anywhere in the room, providing added flexibility and layout options. Like the YAS-109, the YAS-209 includes Alexa voice control for the smart home.

Short rectangular speaker with long thin speaker.
Yamaha YAS-209.

Wireless Surround Sound

If you’re an aficionado of surround sound, you might want to consider the MusicCast BAR 400, which comes with a wireless subwoofer. Aside from being the largest sound bar on our list at over 38″ long, the MusicCast BAR 400 includes multiple voice control options with Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri (via AirPlay 2).

Short rectangular speaker with long thin speaker.
MusicCast BAR 400.

The BAR 400 also includes support for MusicCast multi-room audio, a feature that enables you to listen to music in any or all the rooms in your house — even out on your patio! You can also use MusicCast wireless speakers with the BAR 400 to create a complete discrete 5.1-channel surround sound system without the need to run wires around the room or through the walls, thus simplifying setup and allowing for increased placement flexibility.

Modern living room with surround sound system in place.

Once you’ve made up your mind about which sound bar works best for you, you’ll be able to enjoy the benefits of great sound while staying within your budget … and without impacting on your home décor!

 

Check out these related blog articles:

How to Shop for a Sound Bar

How to Connect a Sound Bar to a Computer

Virtual Surround Sound and Yamaha Sound Bars

MusicCast Wireless Surround Sound for Your 5.1 Home Theater

How to Use Alexa with a Yamaha Sound Bar

How to Use Yamaha MusicCast With AirPlay 2

How to Stream Amazon Music from Your Smartphone or Sound Bar

Home Theater in Small Spaces

 

Click here for more information about Yamaha sound bars.

How Low Can You Go?

The lowest note in the universe is being played by a black hole in the Perseus cluster: it’s a B-flat, 57 octaves below middle C, with a frequency of 10 million years. But you don’t have to travel light-years away to get that bass rumbling in your chest. Let’s take a look at some ultra-low frequency instruments you can find right here on earth.

The Octobass

The octobass is the largest string instrument ever created. It has three strings and is tuned two octaves below the cello, with some of its low-end notes on the threshold of human hearing. Though usually played by two people, with one operating the bow and the other doing the fingering, there are also levers that can be used by a single player to activate fretting devices (actually metal clamps positioned above the neck). Click here for a video showing an Octobass in action performing “Amazing Grace” along with a standard double bass.

Musician playing an octobass in an empty concert hall.

The Earth Harp

With strings that extend up to 1,000 feet in length over the heads of the audience, the Earth Harp is not so much an instrument as it is a musical installation. Invented by musician / performance artist William Close, it’s been attached to everything from the interior of concert halls to arches, canyon walls, the tops of skyscrapers, even mountain peaks. Played using violin resin on cotton gloves, the performer’s hands are rubbed along the Earth Harp’s strings to create beautiful cello-like tones. Check out the video here.

Earth harp installation attached to mountain peaks.

The Subcontrabass / Double Contrabass / Hyperbass Flute

Bass flutes are fairly common, and then there’s the less common contrabass flute — the so-called “gentle giant” of the flute world, which is pitched two octaves lower than a regular concert flute. But flautists in search of even more bottom end might want to try playing a subcontrabass flute (shown in the image below), which plays a fourth below the contrabass flute and has a pipe that’s over 15 feet long. You can hear what the instrument sounds like in this video.

Woman playing contrabass flute which 50% taller than she is.

And then there’s the double contrabass flute (sometimes called the octobass flute) shown below, which is even larger and lower-pitched. Its lowest note is one octave below the cello’s lowest C, two octaves below the bass flute and three octaves below the concert flute.

Woman playing double contrabass flute.

But if you think either of these instruments is as low as it gets when it comes to flutes, think again. The hyperbass flute, which the performer actually sits inside, contains nearly 50 feet of tubing. It’s pitched an octave below the double contrabass flute, with its lowest note an octave below the lowest C on a standard piano — a subsonic note that’s beneath the range of human hearing. Invented by flautist Roberto Fabbrician (shown below), you can hear it in action in this video.

Flautist Roberto Fabbrician with the hyperbass flute.

Big Carl

A typical tuba is about 3 1/2 feet high, has about 18 feet of tubing and weighs about 20 pounds. Big Carl stands nearly 8 feet tall, contains 60 feet of tubing, weighs about 100 pounds and his bell, the widest part, has a diameter of just over 40 inches. Tuned a full octave lower than a standard BB♭ contrabass tuba, it takes two people to play Carl properly. Nobody is quite sure when or for whom Big Carl was created, but he’s rumored to have made a cameo appearance at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis — an event that also housed the world’s largest organ at the time. For most of the past century, Carl was on display at a music store in New York City, but in recent years he has been living in the conference room of a music publisher’s office in the Wall Street district. Check out the video here.

Vintage illustration of man standing next to the Big Carl tuba.

The Korean Five Meter-Wide Drum

The biggest drum in the world (as certified by Guinness World Records) was built in 2011 and is on display at a music center in Yeongdong, Chongcheongbuk-do, Korea. It weighs over 7 tons and is nearly 20 feet high, with a diameter of nearly 18 feet and a skin that was stitched together from 40 cowhides. Wonder what it sounds like? Check out the video here.

The biggest drum in the world.

The Great Stalacpipe Organ

Constructed in the 1950s in Virginia’s Luray Caverns — the biggest cave complex in the eastern United States — this appears at first to be a normal organ, but instead of using pipes, the keyboard is wired to soft rubber mallets poised to gently strike stalactites of varying lengths and thicknesses. Leland Sprinkle, who spent three years designing and building the Great Stalacpipe Organ, was said to have tried over 2,000 stalactites before he obtained the correct sound! When the keyboard is played, the entire subterranean cavern — over 64 acres — becomes a huge, resonating musical instrument. Check out the video here.

The Great Stalacpipe Organ in Virginia’s Luray Caverns.
Images courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (Antoine Saito) via Wikimedia Commons, The Earth Harp Collective, Maria Ramey via Wikimedia Commons, Eva Kingma via Wikimedia Commons, Alessandro Grego via Wikimedia Commons, The Asia Book of Records, and Jon Callas via Wikimedia Commons.

How to Calibrate Your AV Receiver with YPAO™

Now that you have your new sound system and have connected all your components and speakers, it’s time to enjoy your investment. But not quite yet. There’s one more important thing to do — calibration!

Fine-tuning (that is, calibrating) your system to your unique listening environment can transform a good system into something magical. Calibration ensures that all your speakers are reproducing the sound at the proper level, arriving at your ears at the right time with the perfect balance of highs and lows as intended by the artist.

Fortunately, Yamaha has taken this seemingly daunting task and made it simple with something called Yamaha Parametric room Acoustic Optimizer, or YPAO for short.

YPAO Levels

There are several different levels of YPAO available, depending upon on the particular model of receiver. They are:

1. Basic YPAO auto calibration, available on all current Yamaha AV receivers. It starts out by testing that all your speakers are wired properly — that is, red wires are connected to red connectors and black to black. If something didn’t get connected correctly, the system will let you know. It then checks the frequency response of each speaker to determine if it is large or small. If the speaker is categorized as “small,” the deep bass notes intended for that speaker will be redirected to the subwoofer for reproduction, which helps prevent potentially damaging bass notes from reaching small speakers. YPAO also sets the right amount of delay to each speaker to ensure your ears are receiving all the sounds at the same exact time.

2. YPAO with R.S.C. (Reflective Sound Control). As explained in detail later in this article, this feature compensates for the boominess that occurs when speakers are placed too close to furniture or walls — something that’s very common in typical home theaters. YPAO with R.S.C. is available in the RX-V4A, RX-V6A and all AVENTAGE AV receivers.

3. YPAO with R.S.C. and multipoint measurement. In addition to Reflective Sound Control (see above), this feature takes multiple measurements around your listening area for a smoother and bigger sweet spot. (More information below.) It’s available in the RX-V6A and all AVENTAGE models.

4. YPAO R.S.C, multipoint and precision EQ is available in the RX-A4A and higher AVENTAGE receivers and builds on the previous versions. The addition of 64-bit resolution of the data calculations yields much more accurate correction data and provides the capability of measuring each speaker’s horizontal placement angle in relation to the listening position. This gives the internal signal processor information about where to place the decoded soundtrack in relation to your home theater’s unique speaker placement. The end result is that you hear sounds coming from the exact horizontal location where the mixing engineers placed them in the studio.

5. YPAO R.S.C. with 3D, multipoint and Precision EQ. The 3D aspect is reserved for the highest level of AVENTAGE AV receivers (RX-A4A and higher) due to the massive processing resources needed for this advanced feature. Using a quad-point measurement technique, this level of YPAO can determine what angle and distance each overhead (or Dolby Atmos®-enabled) speaker is from the listening position. This allows for accurate 3D sound element placement in your room so that the sounds of helicopters flying overhead, for example, will come from the exact overhead position the mixing engineers placed them during the soundtrack production.

Whichever level of YPAO your model offers, it’s easy to use: just plug the supplied YPAO microphone into the connection on the front panel of your AV receiver, and follow the instructions on the on-screen display.

YPAO microphone with jack.
YPAO microphone.

In this article, we’ll focus on two YPAO features available in Yamaha RX-V6A and higher models: Reflected Sound Control (R.S.C. for short) and Multipoint Measurement. Both allow you to dial-in your speakers to the next level of performance for your particular room.

Reflected Sound Control (R.S.C.)

In home theaters, there are often objects (for example, furniture and walls) that are close to speaker locations. These objects can reflect some of the sound coming out of that speaker, which can cause undesirable interactions since reflected sound has to travel a little further than the direct sound, so it will arrive at your ears a split-second later, as shown in the illustration below. This phenomenon is most pronounced in the lower registers of the audio spectrum — that is, in bass notes and the lower range of the human voice — and is usually described as a “boomy,” “muddy” or “muffled” sound. However you describe it, it’s never good!

Illustration showing Reflected sound versus direct sound in a room.
Direct sound versus reflected sound.

The R.S.C. algorithm in the YPAO system “listens” for these reflections as part of its calibration process and applies a corrective equalization separately to any speaker that needs compensation due to reflective surfaces on nearby objects. This correction produces a much clearer and more dynamic presentation of your favorite audio content, over the full frequency range.

Multipoint Measurement

YPAO Multipoint Measurement adds the capability of taking measurements at up to eight different locations in your seating area, sending that information to the YPAO processor about the acoustics of these additional locations, not just your prime seating position.

Physics makes it impossible for every location in your room to be calibrated perfectly, but that’s not the goal. In all likelihood, you won’t be watching your favorite movie or TV show (or listening to your favorite recording) while leaning up against a wall somewhere in the room —  you’ll probably be sitting in the prime listening location (the “sweet spot”) in front of the TV or receiver and somewhere close to equidistant from the main front speakers. By including additional information in the calibration calculation, Multipoint Measurement makes the sweet spot bigger so that music and movies are more enjoyable for the rest of the family seated in the general area.

Illustration showing how multipoint measurments result in a larger sweet spot.
Multipoint measurement results in a larger sweet spot.

Multipoint Measurement Best Practices

When you plug the supplied YPAO microphone into the YPAO input on your receiver, the onscreen display will give you the option of performing a Single or Multiple measurement calibration. Press the left or right arrow buttons on the remote control until Multiple appears on the screen, then press enter to start the calibration. The onscreen display will guide you through the rest of the process:

Screenshot of the YPAO menu.
YPAO menu.

Always make the first measurement from your prime (“number one”) listening position. Make the rest of the multipoint measurements from locations 2 to 3 feet away from the number one position — not necessarily from every seat. It doesn’t matter what order or pattern you use for the additional measurements. YPAO is just collecting more data around the prime listening spot to get a better idea of how your room is reacting to the sound from the speakers. The more positions you measure, the more data YPAO gets to work with, and the better calibration you get.

Illustration showing multiple measurement locations in a diagram of a living room.
Multiple measurement locations.

Remember, not every seat in the house can be perfect. The goal is to make a larger prime listening area so all seating positions are closer to that sweet spot. Multipoint measurement is a big improvement over single-point calibration systems, which only take measurements from the sweet spot.

Expectations of exciting and enveloping music and movie playback are probably the reasons you invested in an AV receiver in the first place. Take the extra ten or fifteen minutes to fine-tune it in your listening room with YPAO R.S.C. and Multipoint Measurement and you can rest assured your system is performing up to its absolute best capability.

 

Have a turntable and need suggestions for vinyl that will flex your system? Check out this blog article.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha RX-V6A.

Click here for more information about Yamaha AVENTAGE receivers.

 

Expanding the Onboard Capabilities of the YDS-150

The Yamaha YDS-150 Digital Saxophone has a lot of useful features built in, including 73 great sounds, a headphone output and state-of-the-art acoustic resonance technology for natural expressivity. But did you know that you can expand those onboard capabilities further still? In this article, we’ll tell you how.

Bluetooth

illustration showing the function button on the The Yamaha YDS-150 Digital Saxophone circled in red.

One of the most fun and rewarding things about learning a musical instrument is being able to play along with others. But sometimes it’s not always possible to get a group together, or maybe you feel you need to get in a lot more practice before heading to a jam session. The YDS-150 Bluetooth function allows the instrument to be paired to your smart device so you can play along with your favorite tracks.

First, you’ll need to turn on Bluetooth by holding down the Function button (circled in red in the illustration on the right) while pressing the low E♭ key. Use the up arrow to set this to “on” and release the Function button. Now press Function again and hold it down while pressing the low C key — you’ll see “[b–]” in the display and the Bluetooth LED will start flashing, meaning that the YDS-150 is ready to pair. Press the up arrow to begin pairing: The screen will change to “[b-P].” Keep holding Function, and choose YDS-AUDIO from your smart device. Once the pairing is complete, the Bluetooth LED on the YDS-150 will stop flashing and change to a solid orange color.

Now you’re ready to play along with your favorite songs! But what if the preset sounds on the YDS-150 aren’t quite what you want for a particular song? Here’s where the YDS Controller app comes in.

YDS-150 Controller App

You can also easily expand the YDS-150 onboard capability with the use of the free YDS Controller app, available for both iOS and Android™ devices. From your smart device, you can completely customize your sound with just a few simple taps.

Once you’ve paired the instrument to the app via Bluetooth, you can quickly and easily make adjustments to voice and playing settings. These include:

Breath Pressure Resistance

Determines how much the volume changes in response to the strength of your breath. The lower the value, the more responsive the YDS-150 is to changes in your air.

Breath Response

This is similar to Breath Pressure Resistance but focuses on the initial sound. The higher the value, the more air you’ll need to make the sound begin.

Key Response

This is a great setting for those who are just starting! The higher the value, the more the YDS-150 will hide unwanted notes from playing. For example, going from a middle C to a middle D requires six different keys to be pressed. If they aren’t timed perfectly, some extra “blips” could happen. Keep in mind that, the higher this setting, the more possible it is for a delay to occur while playing fast passages.

Tuning

Here you can adjust the overall pitch of the YDS-150, from 427 Hz to 453 Hz in increments of .5 Hz.

Fingering

Screenshot of the YDS Controller app showing the fingering screen.

This screen displays all of the preloaded fingerings that match how you would play those notes on an acoustic saxophone. One cool thing about this is that, if you finger the note on the YDS-150, the app will automatically scroll right to that note, allowing you to quickly find and change how that note is fingered. You can also add new fingerings; in fact, if you really wanted to, you could completely change the fingering of every single note and create an entirely new system! Or if you have a particular fingering for an altissimo note that you are accustomed to using on your acoustic sax, this is the place to program it.

Voice

This feature allows you to fully customize up to 20 user voices. Using one of the preset voices as a starting point, you can then transpose and add numerous other effects to craft the exact sound you are looking for. Here is also where you can change what the YDS-150 Analog Controller does, and how much of an effect it has. Why stop at just a half-step pitch bend when you can bend a whole octave?

Perhaps you aren’t ready to jump into live performance just yet, but with the YDS-150 Bluetooth capabilities and YDS Controller app, you can play along as if you were standing center stage!

Check out these related blog articles:

Beginner’s Guide to the Saxophone

What’s the Difference Between an Acoustic Saxophone and the YDS-150 Digital Saxophone?

 

Click here for more information about the Yamaha YDS-150 Digital Saxophone.

Virtual Celebration of the First Performance of the School Year

The first musical performance of the school year is an exciting milestone for beginning band students because they can showcase their budding musical talents to their family and friends.

woman watching computerBut how is this possible for the 2020-2021 school year when the country is in the middle of a pandemic? A large gathering for a musical performance is definitely out of the question.

The Music Achievement Council (MAC) has the solution — go virtual! In October, MAC announced that this year’s First Performance National Day of Celebration (FPNDOC) will be virtual. The official FPNDOC is Nov. 19, the third Thursday of November, but music directors can schedule their virtual concerts at any time — ideally within the first 8 to 12 weeks of school, according to MAC. With the virtual format, students’ family and friends from around the world can tune in to watch the performance.

MAC introduced the FPNDOC program three years ago because a key to retaining students in music programs is to get them performing as soon as possible and as often as possible. A complete set of materials called the “FPNDOC Toolkit” can help you plan your virtual concert.

First Performance National Day of Celebration Logo 5 Steps to a Successful Virtual FPNDOC

  1. Schedule a date and time for your virtual FPNDOC concert.
  2. Share the FPNDOC trailer with your students to inspire them to participate in this nationwide celebration along with other beginning level students from across the country.
  3. Download the parts and studio tracks to distribute to your students for practicing.
  4. On the date and time of your scheduled event, email your students the YouTube link to the virtual FPNDOC concert and have them play along karaoke-style.
  5. Distribute a certificate of advancement to participating students; download a certificate template here. Share photos (if permitted) taken by the families of the participating students on social media with the #FPNDOC hashtag.

female student playing violin at homeMAC thanks Hal Leonard for providing select music from “Essential Elements for Band, Book 1” for the virtual FPNDOC concert.

The FPNDOC virtual concert brought in major players from the music industry to replicate a live concert experience for students. Joe Lamond, president and CEO of National Association of Music Merchants, provided the opening remarks at the concert. Marcia Neel, Senior Director of Education at Yamaha Corporation of America, was the emcee. Dr. Charles Menghini, president emeritus of VanderCook College of Music, served as conductor.

It is possible to cheer on beginning music students as they discover the joy of performing in the middle of a pandemic. Let’s celebrate together, virtually.

Michael Tilson Thomas: Celebrating an American Icon

Yamaha Artist Michael Tilson Thomas has a legacy that looms large. Recognized early on as a musical trailblazer and champion of the new, MTT (as he is known) has forged an illustrious career as a conductor, pianist, composer, educator and passionate advocate for American composers — a bold public figure who, like Leonard Bernstein before him, has reached out to new audiences as he entertains, educates, and shares the joy and magic of music-making. In that spirit, one of his most forward-looking projects has been his 1987 co-founding and artistic directorship of the New World Symphony — a postgraduate orchestral academy dedicated to preparing young musicians of diverse backgrounds for leadership roles in classical music.

Michael Tilson Thomas headshot.

After serving for 25 years as the Music Director of the San Francisco Symphony, Tilson Thomas recently stepped down from this position and became the orchestra’s first Music Director Laureate. In celebration of his storied tenure in San Francisco, and in light of the recently aired PBS American Masters documentary “Michael Tilson Thomas: Where Now Is,” this article takes a look back at his roots and traces his career from its beginnings to today, spotlighting his many accomplishments along the way.

Early Years

Michael Tilson Thomas was born into a family with long ties to the Yiddish Theatre and the film industry. His formal studies at the University of Southern California included piano, conducting and composition.

At the tender age of 19, MTT was named Music Director of the Southern California Young Musicians Foundation Debut Orchestra, where he served as both pianist and conductor for master classes with violinist Jascha Heifetz and cellist Gregor Piatigorsky. During his time with the ensemble he collaborated with Igor Stravinsky, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Aaron Copland on premieres of their compositions at Los Angeles’ Monday Evening Concerts, showing his early penchant for modern music.

Tilson Thomas’ New York conducting debut came when he was just 24 years old. He had recently been appointed Assistant Conductor and pianist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and when William Steinberg, the orchestra’s Music Director fell ill during the first half of the program, he said to MTT, “You! Put your suit on! You’re going to conduct!” This brought him to the attention of the world stage, and his career took off.

Musical Influences and Compositional Style

MTT has had an ongoing special relationship with the music of Mahler, and his performances and recordings of that composer are renowned the world over. He is noted both as a conductor of the standard repertoire, including the music of Bach, Beethoven, Debussy, and Stravinsky, and as a champion of such composers as Charles Ives, Carl Ruggles, Steve Reich, Lou Harrison, Morton Feldman, and Henry Cowell.

An adventurous composer himself, MTT has written works ranging from large orchestral pieces to solo piano miniatures. Among his most notable compositions was “From the Diary of Anne Frank,” a commission from UNICEF which was premiered by the New World Symphony in 1990, narrated by the late Audrey Hepburn. The work appears on a new San Francisco Symphony recording of MTT’s music with narration by mezzo-soprano Isabel Leonard. This recording also includes MTT’s “Meditations on Rilke,” featuring mezzo-soprano Sasha Cooke and bass-baritone Ryan McKinny.

Career and Awards

In addition to his quarter-century with the San Francisco Symphony, Tilson Thomas has served two stints as a Carnegie Hall Perspectives artist and has appeared on over 120 recordings as a conductor. He’s also made numerous television appearances, including the Keeping Score PBS series as well as a series with the London Symphony Orchestra for BBC Television, broadcasts of the New York Philharmonic Young People’s Concerts from 1971 to 1977, numerous productions on PBS’s Great Performances, and the aforementioned PBS American Masters documentary.

His many awards include 11 Grammys® and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2019, as well as a National Medal of Arts, his naming as an Officier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France, the Koussevitzky Prize at Tanglewood, and a Peabody Award for his radio series The MTT Files. He has also been inducted into the California Hall of Fame and the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and previously served as Principal Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra and Principal Guest Conductor with both the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Boston Symphony Orchestra.

MTT25: An American Icon

The San Francisco Symphony had planned to honor MTT’s tenure with special concerts this past summer, and though the events had to be cancelled, the organization pivoted successfully to a variety of online events. The San Francisco Symphony’s 25-day celebration of his history with the orchestra culminated in a Virtual Tribute event — MTT25: An American Icon — involving many of the orchestra members and guest soloists who have shared the joy of making music with Tilson Thomas over the years.

During the event, MTT reflected, “I do feel that there have been lots of moments when … as repertoire was premiered, or brought to life again in a completely new way, that we were right there on the cutting edge of what the performing arts are supposed to do — being a living testimony of keeping these great and noble ideas going forward … which music at its best witnesses so profoundly. It’s been a great honor.” And so it has been a great honor for all of us to share in the legacy of Michael Tilson Thomas — a legacy that will endure for all time.

Photographs courtesy of Michael Tilson Thomas.

Check out this video with Michael Tilson Thomas

 

For more information, visit michaeltilsonthomas.com

A Conversation with Beth Nielsen Chapman

I first came to know the work of master singer/songwriter (and Yamaha artist) Beth Nielsen Chapman in 1992 when my girlfriend Lisa asked me to sing Beth’s song “All I Have” at her wedding. Bonding with this beautiful ode to love, I wondered about the voice behind it. Many years later I was introduced to Beth while on a trip to Nashville. We have since become friends, shared recipes, exchanged vocal tips, and yes, written songs together. Funny how people find each other.

Not surprisingly one of our favorite subjects is creativity. What holds it back? What sets it free? I thought I was the muse around here but Beth is truly the Queen of Inspiration — full of insight about how we access our inner life. I’m wide-eyed and all ears in her presence.

Needless to say, neither of us has been able to travel recently so Beth and I decided to catch up via, you guessed it, Zoom. I thought I’d share some highlights of our conversation here so that you’ll see why I lavish her with so much praise.

Immediately upon clicking “Join Meeting,” I have to admit that I felt some background envy — the angled placement of Beth’s pianos, keyboards and guitars; the decorative string lights, the abundance of tchotchkes. And yet it all seemed uncluttered and purposeful. I guess we design spaces that allow our creativity to thrive.

Beth Nielsen Chapman in her home studio.
Beth’s home studio.

Shelly: Just when I thought your studio couldn’t be any more bling.

BNC: Yeah, well, I need it!

Shelly: How have you been staying connected? Have you done much livestreaming?

(Turns out that indeed she has, but since Zoom was not designed with audio fidelity in mind, nor for concerts, Beth has wisely implemented an external webcam and audio interface in order to enhance the experience for viewers on the “other side.”)

BNC: I just thought, “Why do I want to plug a little microphone into my computer?”

(At this point Beth must have sensed my lack of confidence in my own tech savvy.)

BNC: You can do this, Shelly. That box [an audio interface] will change your livestream game!

(The day after our conversation I ordered one. And the webcam too.)

BNC: I think there needs to be an app where, when the audience taps on the screen, the performer hears actual virtual applause.

Shelly: I love that you’ve thought of all this.

BNC: Well, we’re all helping each other because we’re going to be doing this for a while.

Shelly: I hear you. So, have you been writing a lot?

BNC: The thing is, I belly right up to the bar when I have an assignment. But it’s a really unusual time and I’m finding that the impact of what I’m living through is getting centered into my body and will become songs, but maybe a year from now. So I’m probably not writing more, but I’m writing more deeply.

(A woman after my own heart!)

BNC: Of course, left to my own devices, I can find lots of ways to skirt around writing a song.

Shelly: Like cooking?

BNC: Well, that’s like writing a song. I always have like 15 or 20 on the stove.

(This made me smile because a few years ago when I first walked into Beth’s home, she literally had five pots on the stove, stirring this one, simmering that one. She’s a multi-tasker if there ever was one.)

BNC: Some songs go on for years. I’ve developed a sense of confidence in those times when you’re not quite writing that line yet but you know it’s coming, it’s moving towards you. I try to teach people some tricks about how to get out of their own way. The song is going to come when it darn well wants to. Instead of putting yourself down, I’m like, “Go get a banana split, dude!” You’ve shown up. That’s the important thing. Now be nice to yourself.

Shelly: I wonder why the process of songwriting is so interconnected with food for us? Anyway, yeah … you can’t give those negative voices power.

BNC: Unless it’s one of those times when you think, “It’s gone forever.”

Shelly: But it always comes back!

BNC: Well, it never went anywhere. If you’re not feeling creative, the door’s locked from the inside. For me, the process of writing is a way to take care of myself. “Sand and Water,” a song I wrote while going through loss, actually healed me. I didn’t write it thinking, “Wow, this is really good.” I didn’t know what I was writing at the time. I was a vehicle. Twenty years later, I still get emails from people who say they heard it when they needed it.

Shelly: It’s like therapy; I examine and discover so much about myself in that three-minute window.

BNC: Right! And it doesn’t have to be a sad, poignant song either.

Shelly: Have you been drawn to any particular instrument lately?

BNC: One of my go-tos is the Yamaha GENOS workstation. It’s great because of the way you can save the settings. Anyone can create with it — it’s super easy.

Shelly: You are a truly a singer-songwriter’s singer-songwriter. You’ve done the hard work, had success, reinvented, experienced longevity. How do you keep it together?

BNC: I used to think that you had to have super talent and write great songs to be successful. But a big part of being a successful artist is making good business decisions. There’s a massive amount of people trying to do it. I have a T-shirt that says, “Write anyway.” So be an artist anyway. Don’t let anything stop you. What if van Gogh thought, “Nobody’s really buying my paintings. Maybe I should stop”? There are more important reasons to write than whether or not you make it. If I lose sight of those reasons — if I focus on getting on the charts — the songs are not going to be as good anyway.

I think with what’s happening collectively in the world right now, there’s going to be a massive output of art from people trying to process it all. In the meantime, I have to respect taking care of myself. I’m really bad at not going to bed early enough. Sometimes I stay up till 2 in the morning and eat cinnamon toast.

But we’re going to come out on the other side of this thing. More than any other time in our history we have a job to do as musicians and creators. That’s always been the human answer to everything. Art is it. Art is our way through.

Screen shot of Beth Nielsen Chapman in her studio via Zoom.
Beth!

I love talking to and writing with Beth. Simply being in a room with her — even a virtual one — feels like a magical place where anything can happen. Because it can!

 

Check out Shelly’s other postings.

Creating a Television Cue with the Yamaha THR30IIA

When I first heard about the new Yamaha THR30IIA, a desktop amp that’s designed specifically for acoustic guitarists, I knew I had to get my hands on one. It seemed like it might be the perfect pairing for my trusty Yamaha FG-TA TransAcoustic guitar.

It arrived. I was blown away. And since the cues I compose for television shows often contain acoustic guitar tracks, I decided the best way to put the THR30IIA through its paces was on a real-world recording session. In this article, I’ll share the results of that session so you can hear the cues for yourself, and I’ll give you my thoughts about the amp too. But first, the basics.

What Makes the THR30IIA So Special?

This latest addition to the THR-II family of desktop amps is unique in that it’s designed specifically to be used with the direct signal coming from the pickup in an acoustic guitar. It’s loaded with useful features such as a built-in tuner and Line 6 Relay wireless receiver, a rechargeable battery and Bluetooth® support that allows you to wirelessly stream audio from your computer, smartphone or tablet — great for play-along practice. There’s also a second input with independent volume and reverb; this input can also be used for a microphone thanks to its combo XLR / ¼” connector and built-in mic preamp.

With 30 watts of power, the THR30IIA delivers plenty of punch, and its specially designed speaker enclosure with dual 3.5″ speakers is optimized for both guitar and Hi-Fi audio playback. There’s even a Stereo Imager that offers Normal, Wide and Wider settings.

Rectangular guitar amp with knobs on top and a handle.
Yamaha THR30IIA.

Three-way EQ ensures that you have lots of control over your sound, and a unique Tone Blend control lets you determine how much of the EQ’d signal is blended in. (How cool is that!) There are five different types of acoustic mic modeling (Condenser, Dynamic, Tube, Nylon and Flat), as well as onboard reverb, chorus and delay effects that can be expanded with the use of the free THR Remote app for iOS and Android™ devices. Five user memories allow you to store your favorite settings, and compatibility with the free Yamaha Rec’n’Share app means you can easily record audio and video along with songs from your music library and then share your performances with the world.

Top panel of the Yamaha THR30IIA desktop amp.
THR30IIA top panel.

Stereo quarter-inch outputs on the rear of the amp make recording simple and straightforward; the THR30IIA can also act as a USB audio interface, and it even comes with Steinberg Cubase AI recording software. In short, there’s everything an acoustic guitarist could possibly need!

Putting the THR30IIA Through Its Paces

Of course, the first thing I did when receiving the THR30IIA was to plug my FG-TA into it. Being a TransAcoustic instrument, it has its own built-in effects, but I started keeping the effects off. I then turned the amp on, set Tone Select to Flat, the Tone Blend knob to Dry (so that there would be no EQ) and the Stereo Imager switch to Normal, with no effects on. Strumming a few chords, I was immediately struck by the directness of the sound, as well as its clarity and natural acoustic tone.

Leaving the FG-TA’s built-in effects off so I could focus on tweaking the THR30IIA controls alone, I quickly came up with a great sound by adding just a touch of bass and treble (around 1 o’clock), a dash of reverb and a taste of chorus/delay, with the stereo imager at its Wide setting. I noticed how similar this was sonically to something I was already used to, which was the sound of the effects coming out of my TA guitar … yet it was a lot louder and coming from a compact amp!

That’s all I needed as a base. Now I was ready to put this instrument/amp combo to the test.

When I write a cue, I begin with the end result in mind — in fact, I can usually hear the finished product in my head almost before it’s done. Since the sound coming from the amp was already so good, I decided to start by adding some extra Chorus/Delay, which gets deeper as you turn the THR30IIA Effect knob up. I then connected the amp’s left and right line outputs into my DAW via an audio interface. In my DAW, I panned the left channel hard left and the right channel just past 1 o’clock, knowing what was coming next. (When I record guitars, I layer them to make the sound bigger in the stereo field, which is also helpful for television.) The sound was exactly what I wanted — lush, thick and full of depth. Here’s the track I recorded with these settings:

For the next pass, I wanted to get a drier sound from the amp with no effects, to compensate for the “wetter” track I had just laid down. This was easily accomplished by setting the THR30IIA Tone Select knob to Dynamic. This yielded a nice natural tone with a bit of mid presence to it. But this time, I placed a good-quality condenser mic set to cardioid right in front of the amp, about 6 inches back and just to the left of center facing the left of the two speakers. Playing the same part as previously recorded, I panned the track hard right to begin filling out the stereo field. Here’s what it sounded like:

Now to fill things up even more, I set Tone Select to Tube on the THR30IIA, with the amp’s reverb set to Long, and once again captured the sound with a condenser mic. This sound was narrower and set back in the sonic field, but, panned to around 2 o’clock, worked perfectly with the previous pass. Here’s what it sounded like:

At this point, I had a full acoustic guitar mix happening:

Overall, the combination of recording direct from the amp with the line outputs and placing a mic in front of it worked out really well, as you can hear from the final mix, complete with backing track:

I was impressed with many things about the THR30IIA on this session. By just plugging in my guitar and twisting a few knobs, it delivered a great acoustic tone. The width and depth of the sound was surprisingly large considering the small size of the amp. The onboard effects sounded great, and being able to record directly from the amp using its line outputs was really useful. But placing a mic on the amp was equally as satisfying and inspirational. Simple, straightforward and sonically pleasing, this amp is clearly going to be an important part of my studio arsenal. I look forward to using the THR30IIA for more cues soon!

 

Click here for more information about the Yamaha THR30IIA.

Click here for more information about the Yamaha FG-TA.

Ambient Sound

There are times when you just want to get away from it all, shut out life’s problems and wrap yourself in your music. Headphones are great for creating that personal happy place. But what if you’re de-stressing to your Happy Place playlist on your train ride home and you miss the announcement for your stop? Too much isolation can be a bad thing.

The Ambient Sound feature in Yamaha YH-E700A, YH-E500A, EP-E70A, EP-E50A, TW-E7A and TW-E5A wireless noise-cancelling headphones, earphones and earbuds provides the perfect solution when you need to be aware of your surroundings. “Ambient” sound is all the sounds in the environment around you, from birds chirping to car engines idling to someone trying to tell you that you dropped your wallet back there. There are active noise-cancelling headphones and earbuds that use built-in microphones to capture external noise so it can be separated and removed from the music you’re listening to … but the same technology that removes ambient sound can also let it in. When Ambient Sound is active, external noise is blended into the background of the audio content; when Noise-Cancelling is active, the noise is carefully removed, allowing only the pure music signal through. By toggling between the two modes, you can opt to let in environmental sounds or remove them. Freedom of choice — it’s a wonderful thing!

Check out these related blog articles:

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Listening Care

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Advanced ANC

Yamaha Headphones Technology Spotlight: Listening Optimizer

aptX™: The Next Level of Bluetooth® Audio

How to Burn-in Headphones and Earbuds

 

Click here to learn more about Yamaha wireless headphones.

Better Monitoring for Better Mixes, Part 1

Imagine this scenario: You write a killer song and capture an excellent recording of it, including an awesome lead vocal. Your mix sounds fantastic on the speakers in your studio, and you can’t wait to send it to your friends.

But when you do, instead of the expected compliments, everyone tells you there’s something wrong with the mix. “Nice song, but it sounds weird.”

This is a good indication that there’s a problem with your monitoring setup. It might be because of the speakers you’re using, where you placed them, or how they interact with the acoustics (i.e., the walls, ceiling and floors) in your studio. It might even be a combination of all three!

The ideal remedy would be to bring in an acoustical consultant. He or she would be able to recommend room treatments, suggest the best placement for your monitors, and tell you if you need to replace them.

But that could be quite costly. What’s more, installing acoustical treatments onto the walls and ceiling might not be practical, especially if you rent rather than own your home. But fear not: There are common-sense methods that can help you get much better mixing results, even without any room treatments. In this article, we’ll tell you what they are.

The Difference Between Speakers and Monitors

You’ll invariably get better mix results if you use purpose-built studio monitors. Mixing on the speakers from your home stereo or a computer speaker system is not a good idea. That’s because consumer systems are designed to make music sound good, not necessarily to reproduce it accurately. They may hype the low end and high end in ways that will make it harder for you to accurately gauge frequencies and levels during the mix.

Instead, use a pair of dedicated studio monitors such as the Yamaha HS Series, which includes models with 5″, 7″ and 8″ woofers (the HS5, HS7 and HS8, respectively).

Two rows of monitors of various sizes. In the foreground are 4 monitors in black and in the background are 3 monitors in white.
Yamaha HS series monitors.

All HS Series monitors are self-powered and biamplified to ensure accuracy over their full frequency range. In addition, they offer EQ capabilities for tailoring their response to the acoustics of your room. For example, if you discover that mixes that sound good in your studio appear to lack bass when you hear them in other places, you can deduce that your room accentuates the bass response. (If you’re mixing in a space that’s exaggerating the bass, you’ll keep it lower in the mix.) In that case, you can use the rear-panel Room Control switch to reduce the low-end response by -2dB or -4dB. Many studio monitors, including all HS Series models, also offer EQ for adjusting the high-end response. These kinds of switches and controls are rarely found on consumer speakers, and almost never on computer speakers.

Monitor Placement

Another very important factor is where you place your monitors. Ideally, they should be kept away from walls and corners, which can interact with the audio to create what are called “standing waves.” These can wreak havoc with bass in particular.

While you can’t alter your room’s dimensions, you can minimize the standing wave issue by placing the monitors away from corners and as far back from the walls as is practical. If your room is rectangular, it’s better to position your monitors along the longer dimension. You should also locate your monitors so that they’re not equidistant to the walls on either side; instead, place them off to one side or the other. The less symmetrical your room and setup are, the less you’ll have to deal with standing waves and other acoustic problems.

Illustration showing the best placement of monitors in a rectangular-shaped room.
Where should you place your monitors?

Playing the Field

Another way to lessen the impact of room acoustics is to use “near-field” monitors, which are by far the most common type in use today. Because they are designed to be placed close by, near-field monitors allow you to listen at relatively quiet sound levels. This not only serves to maximize the direct sound and minimize the amount of room reflections (which can skew and distort what you hear) but also reduces the ear fatigue that lessens your ability to discern a good mix.

To monitor correctly in a near-field setup, the mix position (where you sit while mixing) should be one point in an equilateral triangle, with the monitors serving as the other two points, as shown in this illustration:

Illustration showing optimum positioning for near-field monitoring.
Optimum positioning for near-field monitoring.

Each of the three points should be roughly three to five feet apart. If you’re using monitors with small (5″ or 6″) woofers, err toward the shorter distance; if they have 7″ or 8″ woofers, err toward the longer distance. Make sure to angle your monitors inwards (this is called “toe-in”) to line up with your mix position. There are apps that can help you in achieving these settings accurately.

In terms of height, it’s best to position your monitors at ear level. Use dedicated speaker stands instead of tabletops to further avoid reflections, and invest in monitor isolation pads to put under each speaker. Such pads are designed to “decouple” the monitors from the surface. Without them, the vibrations from the speaker cabinets can create resonance that distorts what you’re hearing.

Go Big if Possible

Which size monitor you should use depends on how large your home studio is. If you can fit (and afford) monitors with 8″ woofers, they’re usually the better choice. That’s because larger size woofers can reproduce lower bass frequencies, allowing you to accurately hear what’s going on in the low-end of your mix.

As an example of how size and bass response correlate, look at the different sized monitors’ bass response specs in the HS Series: The HS5 goes to 74Hz, the HS7 to 55Hz and the HS8 all the way down to 47Hz.

To Sub or Not to Sub?

Another option for improving bass response is to add a subwoofer, particularly if you plan to mix electronic dance music or hip-hop, where bass instruments commonly extend into the sub-bass frequency range (below 60Hz). A good option here is the Yamaha HS8S — it’s a powered sub that’s compatible with all HS models (as well as studio monitors from other manufacturers) and gives you bass response down to 22Hz.

Yamaha HS8S subwoofer.
Yamaha HS8S subwoofer

Unlike other kinds of monitors, subwoofer positioning is not critical — you can pretty much place them anywhere. That’s because the kinds of very low-frequency sounds they produce are not especially directional, meaning that the human ear can’t easily discern where they are coming from.

Why Not Just Mix Over Headphones?

Headphones are good for checking details in your mix, but they’re not a substitute for studio monitors. The problem is that you hear things differently when you have headphones on, for two reasons:

1. In headphones, the left and right sides are totally discrete, which is not the case when you listen to music in a room over speakers and hear some of the left signal coming from the right and vice-versa.

2. When you listen in headphones, you’re hearing only direct signal, whereas when you listen over speakers, you’re hearing both direct and reflected (room) sound.

Because many people listen to music on earbuds or headphones, it’s perfectly valid to check your mixes that way. Just don’t do it exclusively, because your mixes will also be heard over speakers.

Click here for Part 2: Tips and tricks for achieving better monitoring.

 

Check out our other Recording Basics postings.

Click here for more information about Yamaha HS Series studio monitors.